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• W2162602574 abstract "<h3>Background</h3> The effects of workplace second-hand smoke (SHS) on lung function remain uncertain because of a lack of objective measures for SHS exposures. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether an exposure–response association exists between lung function and two different markers of SHS based on indoor fine particulate (PM_2.5) and urinary cotinine levels in non-smoking catering workers. <h3>Design</h3> A cross-sectional study during a 1.5-year exemption of licensed catering premises from smoke-free legislation. <h3>Participants</h3> 186 non-smoking catering workers aged 18–65 years in Hong Kong were recruited. A declared non-smoking status was accepted in workers with exhaled breath carbon monoxide levels <6 ppm and urinary cotinine levels <100 ng/ml. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Lung function measures of forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV₁ in litres), forced vital capacity (FVC in litres) and forced expiratory flow as 25–75% of FVC (FEF_25–75 in l/s) were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> Indoor fine particulate (PM_2.5) concentrations were 4.4 times as high in smoking premises (267.9 μg/m³) than in non-smoking premises (60.3 μg/m³) and were strongly associated with the probability of permitted smoking (R²=0.99). Smoking was the dominant source of particulates (R²=0.66). Compared with workers exposed to the lowest indoor PM_2.5 stratum (<25 μg/m³), lung function was lower in the three higher PM_2.5 strata (25–75, 75–175, >175 μg/m³) with FEV₁ −0.072 (95% CI −0.123 to −0.021), −0.078 (95% CI –0.132 to −0.024), −0.101 (95% CI −0.187 to −0.014); FEF_25–75 −0.368 (95% CI −0.660 to −0.077), −0.489 (95% CI −0.799 to −0.179), −0.597 (95% CI −0.943 to −0.251); and FEV₁/FVC (%) −2.9 (95% CI −4.8 to −1.0), −3.2 (95% CI −5.1 to −1.4) and −4.4 (95% CI −7.4 to −1.3), respectively. Urinary cotinine was associated positively with indoor PM_2.5 but negatively with lung function. Consistently lower values for lung function per unit increase of indoor PM_2.5 were found. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Lung function is inversely associated with workplace SHS. Workplace exemptions and delays in implementing smoke-free policies and current moves to relax legislation are a major threat to the health of workers." @default.
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• W2162602574 date "2011-05-06" @default.
• W2162602574 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
• W2162602574 title "Lung function and exposure to workplace second-hand smoke during exemptions from smoking ban legislation: an exposure-response relationship based on indoor PM2.5 and urinary cotinine levels" @default.
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• W2162602574 doi "https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2011.160291" @default.
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