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• W2162622737 abstract "En los últimos años se ha puesto de manifiesto el papel del tejido adiposo perivascular (TAPV) en la regulación del tono vascular. Soltis y Cassis fueron los primeros investigadores en demostrar que la presencia de TAPV reducía de forma significativa las contracciones de la aorta de rata a noradrenalina. Recientemente, se ha confirmado el efecto anticontráctil de este tejido en presencia de una gran variedad de vasoconstrictores, tanto en aorta y arteria mesentérica de rata, como en arterias humanas. La causa de este efecto es el factor relajante derivado de adipocitos, de estructura desconocida. Su efecto anticontráctil parece estar mediado por diferentes mecanismos en función del lecho vascular y la especie estudiados. Además, el TAPV es fuente de leptina, que también modula el tono vascular mediante 2 mecanismos diferentes: a) una vasoconstricción indirecta a través de la estimulación simpática en el ámbito hipotalámico, y b) una vasodilatación directa a través de un endotelio funcional. Por otra parte, el TAPV también libera factores vasoconstrictores. Expresa todos los componentes del sistema renina-angiotensina y produce angiotensina II. También libera otros factores con efectos vasoactivos, como el anión superóxido y diversas citocinas inflamatorias. Se ha demostrado que cambios en la cantidad de TAPV, en situaciones como hipertensión y obesidad, están asociados con un desequilibrio entre la producción de vasodilatadores y vasoconstrictores y con alteraciones en la función vascular. In the last years a paracrine role for perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the regulation of vascular function has been uncovered by several studies. Soltis and Cassis were the first to demonstrate that PVAT significantly attenuates vascular responsiveness of rat aortic rings to norepinephrine. More recent reports have confirmed the inhibitory action of PVAT on the contractile response to a variety of vasoconstrictors on rat aortic and mesenteric arteries, as well as on human thoracic arteries. The anti-contractile action is induced by a still undefined transferable factor released by periadventitial fat, called adipocyte-derived relaxing factor. Its anticontractile effect seems to be mediated by different mechanisms depending on the type of vascular bed and species. In addition, PVAT is a source of leptin, which participates in the regulation of vascular tone. Vascular effects of leptin are the net result of two different actions: a) indirect vasoconstriction through stimulation of sympathetic activity at hypothalamic level, and b) direct vasodilatation that depends on intact and functional endothelium through mechanisms that vary between different vascular beds. Moreover, PVAT also releases several vasoconstrictors. It expresses the components of the renin-angiotensin system and releases angiotensin II. Other factors with vasoactive effects, such as superoxide anion and inflammatory cytokines, have also been described. Changes in the amount of PVAT in different situations such as hypertension and obesity are related to an altered balance of vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, thus contributing to changes in arterial blood pressure." @default.
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• W2162622737 date "2009-04-01" @default.
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• W2162622737 title "Papel del tejido adiposo perivascular en la función vascular" @default.
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• W2162622737 doi "https://doi.org/10.1053/s0214-9168(09)70647-3" @default.
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