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• W2162926834 abstract "A model of tennis balls impacting obliquely on tennis courts was developed in this study.Balls were impacted normally on a force plate to read impact force data, and filmed at highspeed during oblique impacts. A normal model was created and then extended to coveroblique impacts. The experimental data was used to verify the model in each case.A study of surface testing methods found that tennis courts are significantly stiffer thantennis balls; so much so that they can be considered rigid. A coefficient of friction betweenball and surface was all that was necessary to define a surface.Normal impacts were performed on a force plate for four different ball constructions atspeeds between 3 and 20 ms-I. Impact speed had a significant effect on coefficient ofrestitution (ratio of rebound speed to inbound speed) - for example for a pressurised ball,from about 0.8 at an impact speed of 3 msIto about 0.6 at 20 msI. Pressureless ballsbounce at a similar speed to pressurised balls at low impact speeds, but slower at highimpact speeds. Punctured balls bounce slower throughout the range of impact speeds. Allballs showed a rapid increase in force during the initial part of the impact.An iterative model was created to simulate normal impact. A numerical method was usedto find the effect of deformation shape on the relationship between centre of massmovement and ball deformation. A total force during impact was created by combiningstructural stiffness, material damping and impulsive reaction forces. This model workedwell for all ball types and used quasi-static compression data and a low speed drop test tofind the parameters. The impulsive force simulated the initial increase in force well.A thorough experimental study of oblique impacts was performed by isolating in turn eachof the key incoming properties of impact. The incoming speed, spin and angle, togetherwith the ball and surface construction were individually varied in turn and the effect onoutgoing characteristics measured using high speed video footage. In most cases there wasa distinct change in rebound properties when rolling happened. Footage at up to 7000frames per second was used to qualitatively explain the effect of deformation shapes onenergy losses. It was found that impacts with backspin caused more deformation and anincreased energy loss compared to normal impacts with the same vertical velocity. Impactswith topspin had a reduced vertical energy loss.The normal model was extended to include the horizontal and rotational forces necessaryto simulate an oblique impact. A damping compensation factor was included to adjust thevertical energy losses at different spin rates. The oblique test data was used to verify themodel, and there was a very good correlation." @default.
• W2162926834 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2162926834 creator A5065787191 @default.
• W2162926834 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W2162926834 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W2162926834 title "Modelling the impact of tennis balls on court surfaces." @default.
• W2162926834 hasPublicationYear "2005" @default.
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