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• W2163204379 abstract "Ultracold atomic gases in optical lattices potentially offer simulations of condensed-matter phenomena beyond what theory and computations can access; compensated optical lattice techniques applied to the Hubbard model now enable unprecedented low temperatures to be reached for fermions — only 1.4 times that of the antiferromagnetic phase transition, approaching the limits of present modelling techniques. Ultracold atomic gases in optical lattices offer the possibility of simulating condensed-matter phenomena beyond what theory and computations can access. This study applies compensated optical lattice techniques and succeeds in reaching unprecedented temperatures, only 1.4 times the temperature of the antiferromagnetic phase transition, during the simulation of the Hubbard model. The authors measure the exact temperatures using a light-scattering method. In this temperature regime, the system is very close to the limit of what the best theoretical and numerical techniques are capable of modelling. Further improvements of the compensated lattice technique may lead to even lower temperatures, which might give access to other intriguing condensed-matter phenomena such as d-wave superconductivity. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices have great potential to contribute to a better understanding of some of the most important issues in many-body physics, such as high-temperature superconductivity1. The Hubbard model—a simplified representation of fermions moving on a periodic lattice—is thought to describe the essential details of copper oxide superconductivity2. This model describes many of the features shared by the copper oxides, including an interaction-driven Mott insulating state and an antiferromagnetic (AFM) state. Optical lattices filled with a two-spin-component Fermi gas of ultracold atoms can faithfully realize the Hubbard model with readily tunable parameters, and thus provide a platform for the systematic exploration of its phase diagram3,4. Realization of strongly correlated phases, however, has been hindered by the need to cool the atoms to temperatures as low as the magnetic exchange energy, and also by the lack of reliable thermometry5. Here we demonstrate spin-sensitive Bragg scattering of light to measure AFM spin correlations in a realization of the three-dimensional Hubbard model at temperatures down to 1.4 times that of the AFM phase transition. This temperature regime is beyond the range of validity of a simple high-temperature series expansion, which brings our experiment close to the limit of the capabilities of current numerical techniques, particularly at metallic densities. We reach these low temperatures using a compensated optical lattice technique6, in which the confinement of each lattice beam is compensated by a blue-detuned laser beam. The temperature of the atoms in the lattice is deduced by comparing the light scattering to determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations7 and numerical linked-cluster expansion8 calculations. Further refinement of the compensated lattice may produce even lower temperatures which, along with light scattering thermometry, would open avenues for producing and characterizing other novel quantum states of matter, such as the pseudogap regime and correlated metallic states of the two-dimensional Hubbard model." @default.
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• W2163204379 date "2015-02-23" @default.
• W2163204379 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2163204379 title "Observation of antiferromagnetic correlations in the Hubbard model with ultracold atoms" @default.
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• W2163204379 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14223" @default.
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