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- W2166289632 abstract "Overexpression of the inhibitory Smad, Smad7, is used frequently to implicate the Smad pathway in cellular responses to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling; however, Smad7 regulates several other proteins, including Cdc42, p38MAPK, and β-catenin. We report an alternative approach for more specifically disrupting Smad-dependent signaling using a peptide aptamer, Trx-SARA, which comprises a rigid scaffold, the Escherichia coli thioredoxin A protein (Trx), displaying a constrained 56-amino acid Smad-binding motif from the Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) protein. Trx-SARA bound specifically to Smad2 and Smad3 and inhibited both TGF-β–induced reporter gene expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in NMuMG murine mammary epithelial cells. In contrast to Smad7, Trx-SARA had no effect on the Smad2 or 3 phosphorylation levels induced by TGF-β1. Trx-SARA was primarily localized to the nucleus and perturbed the normal cytoplasmic localization of Smad2 and 3 to a nuclear localization in the absence of TGF-β1, consistent with reduced Smad nuclear export. The key mode of action of Trx-SARA was to reduce the level of Smad2 and Smad3 in complex with Smad4 after TGF-β1 stimulation, a mechanism of action consistent with the preferential binding of SARA to monomeric Smad protein and Trx-SARA-mediated disruption of active Smad complexes." @default.
- W2166289632 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2166289632 creator A5052751805 @default.
- W2166289632 creator A5069266537 @default.
- W2166289632 date "2006-09-01" @default.
- W2166289632 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2166289632 title "Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor-β1–induced Signaling and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by the Smad-binding Peptide Aptamer Trx-SARA" @default.
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