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- W2168867701 abstract "Introduction Humans have created two “anthropocentric biomes”: cities and agricultural systems increasingly important in their impact on global biospheric processes (Allen, 1991). Making these newer ecosystems more sustainable should be a parallel and equally important task as the preservation of “natural” biomes (rainforests, coral reefs, etc.). The two anthropogenic biomes are intricately linked, most obviously in the movement of food from the farms and ranches to support urban populations. Yet this “nutrient export” is not returned to its source, and the treatment of the wastewater following water use in cities is very expensive, and discharge of treated and untreated sewage is a leading source of environmental pollution in aquatic and marine ecosystems. A first step in changing our approach to the “waste products” of our cities is to change our thinking, and to recognize wastewater as a valuable resource if properly utilized. The existing paradigm is to focus on the disease potential of domestic sewage and to expend considerable resources to remove it from residential areas to centralized locations where it can be “de-toxified.” The wastewater is then typically chlorinated and then discharged into river or ocean waters for final dilution and absorption in the environment. The results have been enormous capital and maintenance costs in pumping and treating wastewater and environmental pollution caused by the discharge of large amounts of sewage into ecosystems that cannot productively process the nutrients remaining in the treated effluent. The prevailing strategy of the indiscriminate mixing of all residential with industrial/commercial wastewater in urban environments also needs to be rethought. The mixing of industrial with domestic wastewater has led to the very costly and difficult issue of dealing with sludge disposal/reuse since industrial wastewater can contain harmful quantities of heavy metals, complex organochlorides and other environmentally harmful contaminants. In the context of new thinking to make our cities’ infrastructure more sustainable, the current policy of not separating industrial from domestic wastewater must be challenged, and its hidden costs highlighted. A new approach, using constructed wetlands, has been gaining momentum over the past decade that demonstrates that beneficial use of the water and nutrients contained in domestic wastewater can be implemented while safeguarding the public from accidental contact with the wastewater. These ecologically engineered systems, including the subsurface flow, highly biodiverse “Wastewater Gardens” approach, enhance landscape beauty and are a way of sustainably greening urban areas by utilization of the renewable natural resources now exported at high expense. This approach also leads to increase of biological and landscape diversity, the establishment of useful vegetation (for domestic use or commercial sale) and can be used to increase wildlife-habitat around the human dwellings, or to create green belts in urban areas." @default.
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- W2168867701 date "2002-01-01" @default.
- W2168867701 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2168867701 title "New Paradigms: Wastewater Gardens, creating urban oases and greenbelts by productive use of the nutrients and water in domestic sewage" @default.
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