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• W2169129692 abstract "HomeCirculationVol. 125, No. 2In Memoriam of John T. Shepherd, MD, DSc Free AccessObituaryPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessObituaryPDF/EPUBIn Memoriam of John T. Shepherd, MD, DSc Paul M. Vanhoutte, MD, PhD, John P. Cooke, MD, PhD and Richard A. Cohen, MD Paul M. VanhouttePaul M. Vanhoutte From the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China (P.M.V.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford CA (J.P.C.); and Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA (R.A.C.). Search for more papers by this author , John P. CookeJohn P. Cooke From the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China (P.M.V.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford CA (J.P.C.); and Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA (R.A.C.). Search for more papers by this author and Richard A. CohenRichard A. Cohen From the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China (P.M.V.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford CA (J.P.C.); and Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA (R.A.C.). Search for more papers by this author Originally published17 Jan 2012https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.077438Circulation. 2012;125:393–394John T. Shepherd, MD, DSc (Figure) was born on May 21st, 1919, in Northern Ireland and passed away in Rochester, Minnesota, on October 4th, 2011, after a protracted illness. With his passing we have lost a great integrative physiologist who contributed much to the field of cardiovascular medicine, and to our scientific community. His friends and colleagues will remember his gentle humor, engaging intellect, and humanitarian qualities. Sadly, we cannot reproduce for you his most endearing qualities, but we will briefly describe his accomplishments and his landmark studies.Download figureDownload PowerPointJohn Shepherd received all of his impressive formal training (MB, BCh, M Chir and MD) at Queens University in Belfast. He both perfected his clinical training and became a physiologist of the peripheral circulation in the Department of Physiology at Queens. A Fulbright Scholarship brought him for the first time to the Mayo Clinic to work as a postdoctoral fellow with another giant in cardiovascular physiology, Dr Earl Wood. Both his unconditional attachment to Mayo and his passion for hemodynamic investigations stem from that first stay in Rochester. Indeed, although he returned to Northern Ireland after his Fulbright Scholarship and even spent some time in Paris (he loved to reminisce about his French experiences!), he returned to Rochester in 1957 to join the Department of Physiology at the Mayo Clinic, which he never left again. He was an extraordinary man at the service of an extraordinary institution. He became intensely American, yet he remained so British in his command of the language and his code of social conduct. Many years later, Dr Shepherd went back to Queens University to receive an honorary degree, a rare honor because an alma mater does not easily bestow such honor on one of its own alumni.Mayo turned out to be the right setting for Dr Shepherd to blossom scientifically, but the institution created by the Mayo brothers also provided the stage on which the superior interpersonal skills of John Shepherd could work wonders, most notably his development of the Mayo Medical School. He passed on to generations of young researchers his simple, basic philosophy of human relationships, including the admonition to be nice to colleagues on our way up (since as he often said, with a twinkle in his eyes), we are bound to meet the same people on our way down. He strongly believed in the committee-driven organization of the Mayo Clinic and its need for collegial consensus in the decision making process. Hence, he became a master consensus maker, which explains why over the years he played such a prominent role as one of the leaders of the organization, becoming among others Chairman of the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Director for Research, Dean of the Medical School, Member of the Board of Governors, Member of the Board of Trustees and Chair of the Board of Development. His remarkable capacities and his willingness to provide service to science were also recognized outside of Mayo, as illustrated best by his Presidency of the American Heart Association (1975–1976), and his Chairmanship of the Space Medicine Committee of NASA.Dr Shepherd was an extraordinary scientist and a true scholar. His early work in Belfast, using simple techniques such as plethysmography, often as his own research subject, was seminal in the understanding of the autonomic control of the human peripheral circulation.1 He was one of the first to appreciate the role of the veins as the capacitance regulator of the circulation and pioneered the concept that not all veins are equal in that regard, with the splanchnic veins adjusting from moment to moment the return of blood to the heart, protected as they are from alterations in gravitational forces resulting from changes in body position.2,3,4 In association with Dr David Donald, a remarkable experimental surgeon and physiologist, he made major contributions to the understanding of the role of the various autonomic receptor systems (in particular the high and low pressure baroreceptors) constantly feeding information into the vasomotor centers of the medulla oblongata.3,5,6 His work was essential in creating countermeasures for pilots facing high gravitational forces, and for astronauts exposed to microgravity conditions.Dr Shepherd was fundamentally an in vivo researcher, but soon he realized that to analyze the behavior of the blood vessel wall it is often necessary to study it in isolation. Hence, he participated with passion in experiments on isolated arteries and veins that aimed to unravel the complexities of adrenergic responsiveness,7,8,9 prejunctional regulation of norepinephrine release,9,10,11,12 the importance of vascular control in thermoregulation,13,14,15 and endothelium-dependent control of vascular tone.16,17,18 But he never forgot that this type of information was only valuable if it helped to explain the function of the blood vessels in the intact organism, and thus was truly what one would call today a translational scientist.19,20,21 Those who have had the privilege to work with him will always remember the incredible mentor that he was, forcing us to ask the right question, to listen to the data obtained, to be clear and simple, and to paint pictures with our words to make the point.Dr Shepherd was indeed a superb leader, a remarkable researcher, a great teacher and a unique mentor. But he was also a wonderful, warm human being, always listening, understanding, trying to help. He was a man of great humor, incomparable wit, and a fluid rationality, with a strong code of social conduct imparted by a Presbyterian upbringing and leavened by his innate joie de vivre. He was a true friend. We miss him.FootnotesCorrespondence to John P. Cooke, MD, PhD, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5406 United States.References1. Shepherd JT. Physiology of the Circulation in Human Limbs in Health and Disease. W.B. Saunders: Philadelphia; 1963; 1. Google Scholar2. Shepherd JT, Vanhoutte PM. Veins and Their Control. W.B. Saunders: Philadelphia; 1975: 1– 269. Google Scholar3. Shepherd JT, Vanhoutte PM. The Human Cardiovascular System. Facts and Concepts. Raven Press: New York; 1979: 1– 351. Google Scholar4. Shepherd JT, Vanhoutte PM, Donald DE. Regulation of the Veins by the Arterial Baroreceptors. In: Arterial Baroreceptors and Hypertension. , Sleight P.ed. Oxford University Press: New York; 1980: 123– 129. Google Scholar5. Shepherd JT. The cardiac catheter and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 1974; 50: 418. LinkGoogle Scholar6. Shepherd JT, Vanhoutte PM. The Sensory Systems Involved in Cardiovascular Regulation. In: Cardiology Fundamentals and Practice. , Brandenberg R. 0., Fuster V., Giuliani E. R., McGoon D. C.eds. Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., Chicago-London; 1987: 164– 182. Google Scholar7. Cohen RA, Shepherd JT, Vanhoutte PM. Effects of the adrenergic transmitter on epicardial coronary arteries. Fed Proc. 1984; 43: 2862– 2866. MedlineGoogle Scholar8. Shepherd JT, Vanhoutte PM. Why nerves to coronary vessels?Fed Proc. 1984; 43: 2855– 2861. MedlineGoogle Scholar9. Vanhoutte PM, Shepherd JT. Adrenergic pharmacology of human and canine peripheral veins. Fed Proc. 1985; 44: 337– 340. MedlineGoogle Scholar10. Shepherd JT, Lorenz RR, Tyce GM, Vanhoutte PM. Acetylcholine-inhibition of transmitter release from adrenergic nerve terminals mediated by muscarinic receptors. Fed Proc. 1978; 37: 191– 194. MedlineGoogle Scholar11. Verhaeghe RH, Lorenz RR, McGrath MA, Shepherd JT, Vanhoutte PM. Metabolic modulation of neurotransmitter release-adenosine, adenine nucleotides, potassium, hyperosmolarity and hydrogen ion. Fed Proc. 1978; 37: 208– 211. MedlineGoogle Scholar12. Shepherd JT, Vanhoutte PM. Local modulation of adrenergic neurotransmission. Circulation. 1981; 64: 655– 666. LinkGoogle Scholar13. Cooke JP, Shepherd JT, Vanhoutte PM. The effect of warming on adrenergic neurotransmission in canine cutaneous vein. Circ Res. 1984May; 54: 547– 53. LinkGoogle Scholar14. Cooke JP, Creager MA, Osmundson PJ, Shepherd JT. Sex differences in control of cutaneous blood flow. Circulation. 1990Nov; 82: 1607– 15. LinkGoogle Scholar15. Vanhoutte PM, Cooke JP, Lindblad LE, Shepherd JT, Flavahan NA. Modulation of postjunctional alpha-adrenergic responsiveness by local changes in temperature. Clin Sci (Lond). 1985; 68: 121s– 123s. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar16. Cohen RA, Shepherd JT, Vanhoutte PM. Vasodilatation Mediated by the Coronary Endothelium in Response to Aggregating Platelets. In: Vasodilator Mechanisms. , Vanhoutte P.M., Vatner S.F., Karger , Basel eds. 1984: 35– 42. Google Scholar17. Vanhoutte PM, Katusic ZS, Shepherd JT. Vasopressin induces endothelium-dependent relaxations of cerebral and coronary, but not of systemic arteries. J Hypertens. 1984; 2: 421– 422. Google Scholar18. Shepherd JT, Katusic ZS, Vedernikov Y, Vanhoutte PM. Mechanisms of coronary vasospasm: role of endothelium. J Mol Cellul Cardiology. 1990; 23: 125– 131. CrossrefGoogle Scholar19. Shepherd JT, Vanhoutte PM. Spasm of the coronary arteries: causes and consequences (the scientist's viewpoint). Mayo Clin Proc. 1985; 60: 33– 46. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar20. Shepherd JT, Vanhoutte PM. Mechanisms responsible for coronary vasospasm. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986; 8: 50A– 54A. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar21. Shepherd RJF, Vanhoutte PM. Mechanisms of coronary artery spasm. Cardiol. 1987; 4: 46– 48, 76. Google Scholar Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By Barton M and Cardillo C (2019) In Memoriam: Paul M. Vanhoutte, The Journal of Physiology, 10.1113/JP279124, 597:24, (5731-5737), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2019. January 17, 2012Vol 125, Issue 2 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics © 2012 American Heart Association, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.077438PMID: 22359738 Originally publishedJanuary 17, 2012 PDF download Advertisement" @default.
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