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• W2169184377 abstract "‘Almost everything that can be said about smoking and heart disease has been.’ With that challenge, University of California (Berkeley) epidemiologist Reuel ‘Stoney’ Stallones introduced his analysis as consultant on smoking and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) to the Advisory Committee that prepared the landmark 1964 Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health. Previously unpublished, his 1963 memorandum, ‘The association between tobacco smoking and coronary heart disease’, is reprinted here for its historical interest and significance. The Advisory Committee to Luther Terry, President John F Kennedy’s Surgeon General, was made up of clinical, laboratory and population experts who carried out a thoroughgoing 2-year review of evidence about the relation of tobacco smoking to the common chronic diseases. Its major conclusion, that cigarette smoking caused lung cancer, was coincident with the similar conclusion of the 1962 UK Report of the Royal College of Medicine; together they launched the modern era of tobacco and health policy and regulatory actions. Stallones’ 1963 memorandum is not a formal part of the U.S. Advisory Committee Report. It was governmentstamped ‘ADMINISTRATIVE CONFIDENTIAL’ as found in the Andersen Archive of the University of Minnesota, where the professional papers of Leonard Schuman, Professor of Epidemiology, were archived following his death. Schuman was member of the Advisory Committee, wrote most of its review on the relation of smoking and cancers and served as principal editor of its historic report. In this memorandum, Stallones effectively summarized the evidence about his topic as consultant, that is the association of cigarette smoking and coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the document is historically significant mainly because it establishes that he brought into the Committee’s deliberations the now familiar guidelines to causal inference from statistical associations. There the guidelines were used to great advantage by Schuman and the Committee in evaluating the associations of tobacco use with incidence and death for each specific cancer type. Notably, however, the causal criteria were not mentioned and apparently were not formally applied in the final Report’s judgments about smoking and coronary heart disease, led by academic internist John Hickam. The essence of Stallone’s four-part memorandum is as follows." @default.
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• W2169184377 date "2015-06-01" @default.
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• W2169184377 title "Commentary: ‘The association between tobacco smoking and coronary heart disease’.An unpublished memorandum by Reuel Stallones, consultant in cardiovascular diseases to the U.S. Surgeon General’s Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health, 28 June and 19 July 1963" @default.
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• W2169184377 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv126" @default.
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