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• W2170168110 abstract "The associations of the angular positions of background quasars with foreground galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and quasars are often attributed to statistical lensing by gravitational potentials of the matter along the lines of sight, although it is known that the presence of none of the individual objects (galaxies, clusters, or quasars) is sufficient to explain fully the reported amplitudes of the quasar number enhancements. This probably arises from the fact that the gravitational lensing effect of the environmental matter surrounding these objects has been ignored. In this paper we conduct an extensive study of the influence of the environmental matter on the prediction of the quasar enhancement factor by employing a spatial two-point correlation function. Assuming a singular isothermal sphere for the mass density profile in galaxies and cluster of galaxies, we estimate the average surface mass density bar-Σ around galaxies, clusters, and quasars from the galaxy-galaxy, cluster-cluster, cluster-galaxy, and quasar-galaxy correlations. Our results show that the bar-Σ induced quasar number enhancement in the scenario of gravitational magnification depends critically on the mass density parameters of galaxies (Ωg) and clusters of galaxies (Ωc) in the universe. For a flat cosmological model with Ω0 = 1 the environmental matter can indeed play an important role in the lensing origin of the quasar-quasar and quasar-galaxy associations if Ωg ~ Ωc ~ Ω0, while it is unlikely that bar-Σ is sufficient to account for the reported quasar overdensity behind quasars/galaxies if galaxies and clusters of galaxies contribute no more than 25% to the matter of the universe. Nonetheless, the recently observed quasar-cluster associations on a scale of ~ 10' cannot be the result of gravitational lensing by the cluster environmental matter even if Ωg = Ωc = Ω0." @default.
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• W2170168110 date "1996-11-10" @default.
• W2170168110 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
• W2170168110 title "Environmental Effect on the Associations of Background Quasars with Foreground Objects. I. Analytic Investigation" @default.
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• W2170168110 doi "https://doi.org/10.1086/177991" @default.
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