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• W2170330937 abstract "Electrochemical interaction between colloidal particles and an aqueous solution is a central subject in Colloid Science. Such interactions give rise to electrokinetic phenomena in electrically charged porous media, and have received considerable attention with a wide range of applications in different fields of science and engineering. Several porous materials composed of electrically charged macromolecules saturated by saline solutions may undergo swelling by fresh water uptake. Among this class of colloidal systems, we highlight 2-1 lattice clays, hydrophilic polymers, gels, shales, corneal endothelium and connective biological tissues. For example, the response of smectite 2:1 clay particles to changes in water content has been studied for decades. Such phenomenon plays a critical role in the quality of groundwater, in the effectiveness of some clean up technologies and in the distribution of plants and nutrients in the Earth’s crust. Clay swelling (or collapse) is of widespread relevance in geotechnical and geoenvironmental fields. Upon inundation, it may have undesired consequences, as they heave upward upon hydration (or shrink upon desiccation) causing damage to the foundations of buildings ranging from minor cracking to irreversible displacements of footings. Moreover, swelling and deterioration of shales are the major contributors to drilling problems and are key factors in the wellbore stability management. Finally, due to their low hydraulic conductivity, plasticity, swelling and adsorptive capacity for contaminants, bentonitic based compacted clays have been used as sealing materials to inhibit the migration of contaminants to the environment, and have been also considered to investigate the disposal of high-level radioactive waste in various countries. Beyond applications in natural geomaterials, swelling polymers/biopolymers have numerous technological applications, such as size exclusion chromatography, gel electrophoresis in filtration processes, development of efficient drug delivery substrates, in contact lenses, in semiconductor manufacturing and in food stuffs. In biomedical technology, electrical interactions between ions and negatively charged proteoglycans rule the deformation of cartilaginous soft hydrated tissues as load-bearing structures. The swelling property is tied-up to the physiological states of soft connective tissues (articular cartilage and intervertebral disk) and plays an important role in articulating joint lubrication and damping of dynamic forces in the human body. The fundamental thermodynamic processes underlying electrokinetic phenomena involve several couplings, such as: transport of mobile ions near charged surfaces (electro-migration), flow and motion of charged particles driven by an electric field (electro-osmosis and electrophoresis), dissolution/precipitation reactions, electrolysis of water, sorption, desorption and protonation/deprotonation chemical reactions. Owing to their complexity, it is imperative that any macroscopic model describing these electro-chemo-mechanical interactions inherent to this type of system contains accurate constitutive relations. During the past few decades, a significant amount of research has been developed towards the derivation of models capable of capturing coupled electro-chemo-hydro-mechanical effects in charged porous media. Owing to the aforementioned complex fine-scale electro-chemical interactions, the accuracy of purely macroscopic models" @default.
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• W2170330937 date "2010-03-01" @default.
• W2170330937 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W2170330937 title "Swelling and shrinking of porous materials: from colloid science to poromechanics" @default.
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• W2170330937 doi "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652010000100001" @default.
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