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- W2172680402 abstract "Thirty years ago there were few comers of linguistics where statistics was thought relevant. Linguists were then concemed mostly with developing theoretical frameworks in which to describe the various levels of languagesphonology, morphology, syntax, and so forth. Languages themselves were generally approached as monolithic entities, with most attention paid only to their standard forms, and without regard for individual speaker performance. Even where variation was studied (e.g. in dialect geography), empirical data was usually nonquantitative and derived from simple introspection or single informants. Statistics were rarely needed, and it was very much a case of Those who count, don't count (45). Two notable exceptions were glottochronology (often overnarrowly referred to as lexicostatistics) and early work on frequencies of linguistic units, especially words. The former (24, 30, 52) examined the relationship between time and the number of words that change their meaning or are lost in familiar languages. The proposal was made that core vocabulary items, such as words for I and sun, alter their meaning or are lost from languages at a uniform rate at different times and in different languages (19% per thousand years, in a standard 200-word core vocabulary list)-i.e. decay of language, like that of carbon 14, is exponential. Mathematical formulas were derived to model the shared retention in two languages originating from one source and then decaying independently. These were then used in situations where the vocab-" @default.
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- W2172680402 date "1991-10-01" @default.
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- W2172680402 title "Statistics in Linguistics" @default.
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- W2172680402 doi "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.20.100191.002113" @default.
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