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• W2173039420 abstract "Divisive Discourse: The Extreme Rhetoric of Contemporary American Politics by Joseph Zompetti. San Diego: Cognella Academic Publishing, 2015. 258 pp. $74.95 Hardcover. Years from now, when historians chronicle the Obama era, they will situate events within an especially anxious discursive environment. Presidential history tends to survey the major exigencies of a given term in office, and the current administration has these in surplus. Since 2008, the nation has been embroiled in a diversity of passionate debates, including but not limited to those concerning gun control, religious freedom, healthcare, gay rights, and immigration. Place these between the nation's first black president and a largely white backlash movement, at the tail end of a Great Recession, and amid the lingering threat s of global terrorism, and you have a plausible setting for extremist rhetoric. If argumentation scholars have a public role to play in times like these, it must in volve clarifying the chaos. This is the daunting project of Joseph Zompetti's Divisive Discourse: The Extreme Rhetoric of Contemporary American Politics, an interesting and timely read that may prove useful as a textbook for courses on argumentation. A classically trained debater, Zompetti approaches controversy with an eye for premises, contentions, evidences, and fallacies. He documents these in clear and logical fashion, always directing the reader to observe the architecture of the argument. By focusing on the tactics and techniques of discourse rather than the content, he writes, my hope is that the conversations generated by this book will be about how political issues are instead of what is being discussed (p. xix). The book's seven chapters include an introduction to theoretical foundations, a conclusion, and five analytical chapters spanning the controversies enumerated above. Admitting to but suppressing personal opinions, Zompetti attempts to dissect these debates from a position of relative impartiality. Chapter 1 covers a great deal of conceptual ground in a concise thirteen pages, providing definitions for key terms, explaining the Toulmin model, and listing some of the most common types of fallacy. Here Zompetti equips readers with the tools for performing the work that follows. Specifically, this means recognizing the characteristics of extremist speech and analyzing them against the context and available evidence. Chapters 2 through 6 put these tools to good use. In Chapter 2, Zompetti considers the divisive discourse surrounding gun controversies. Here, as in all subsequent chapters, he draws on Lloyd Bitzer, explaining the nature of the rhetorical situation and situating the debate in relation to its exigencies, audiences, and constraints. Having established these, he proceeds to survey the arguments that most commonly arise, including Safety/Killing Arguments, Rights/Tyranny Arguments, Self Defense/stand your ground Arguments, and some of the more troublesome fallacies. Observers of contemporary discourse pertaining to guns will find a host of familiar names-and quotations-represented here. Each section features arguments from politicians, lobbyists, journalists, academics, advocates, and opinionated celebrities, among others. Despite the often-chaotic nature of the discourse, Zompetti does an admirable job of corralling the disputants and presenting their arguments in an orderly fashion. Chapter 3 continues in this vein, examining contemporary debates about religion. Contextualizing religious discourse along and within the related fields of law and politics, Zompetti documents the most common debates and their most common claims. These include debates over public prayer, tax exemptions, holy days, public religious displays, and Islam-in-general. Because religious discourse is often the product of difference, and because it operates at the nexus of several public fields, it is often subject to faction. …" @default.
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