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- W217358196 abstract "Umrao Jaan was a famous, courtesan of Lucknow known for her singing, dancing and poetry. Ruswa's novel Umrao Jaan Ada written in 1902 is considered by many the first modem Indian novel. Although the novel tries to convey the impression of being a biography yet it is now more or less agreed by academicians and literary scholars that the novel is a fiction, that Umrao Jaan the narrator of the novel is Ruswa's creation. (2) In 1981, Muzaffar Ali made the film Umrao Jaan based on Ruswa's novel and the film till date remains a favourite classic many viewers in India and abroad. I begin my paper a general discussion of critical views associated the translation of fiction to film and then go on to examine how these theories of work in case of Umrao Jaan by analyzing the narrative techniques, the representation of history, the portrayal of Umrao Jaan, followed by an analysis of ghazals in the two medium. Adaptations of fiction to film allow the best possible scope for studying the convergence and divergence of the two medium. The issue of has attracted critical attention for over 60 years in a way that few other theories have. Writers across a wide critical spectrum have found the subject fascinating. Everyone who sees films based on novels feels able to comment, at levels ranging from simple and trivial to complex and erudite, on the nature and success of adaptation involved. There is therefore no dearth of material available on adaptations. From theoretical, scholarly works, to newspaper and journal reviews, to articles in fan magazines, one finds responses and reflections on various aspects of adaptations. Adaptations are undertaken for a variety of reasons--ranging from the attempt to reproduce a novel as faithfully as possible, to comment upon or develop an aspect of it, to bring a literary work to a wider audience, sometimes to trade off its respectability, at other times to cash on its popularity, and at yet other times because of paucity of original scripts. Adaptations have been categorized into various types depending on their relation to the source text. Michael Klein and Gillian Parker identify three types of adaptations: first, that gives an impression of being faithful, that is literal translations; second, the approach which retains the core structure of the narrative while significantly reinterpreting, or in some cases deconstructing the source text; and third, that regards the source merely as a raw material, as simply the occasion for an original work. (3) Geoffrey Wagner's classification of adaptations into transposition, and analogy more or less correspond to Klein and Parker's categories except that Wagner's commentary does not take into consideration an out-right violation of the source text. (4) Dudley Andrew also reduces the modes of relation between the film and its source novel to three, which correspond to Wagner's categories, but in reverse order of the film's adherence to the original. These are: borrowing, intersecting and transforming. (5) Discussing the significance of adaptations, Brian Me Farlane points out that: The critic [...] will need to understand which kind of he is dealing if his on the individual film is to be valuable. [...] these attempts at classification [...] represent some heartening challenges to the primacy of fidelity as the critical criterion. (Mc Farlane 1996: 11) Criticisms of frequently center on their fidelity to the novel, and not on their artistic integrity. This kind of criticism, as Mc Farlane observes, depends on the notion of the text as having and rendering up to the (intelligent) reader a single correct meaning which the film maker has adhered to or in some sense violated or tampered with (Mc Farlane 1996: 8). Fidelity criticism asks for the preservation of the integrity of the source text. An adaptation can preserve the original work either by being faithful to its form or to its spirit. …" @default.
- W217358196 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W217358196 date "2008-01-01" @default.
- W217358196 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W217358196 title "Screening the Novel: Umrao Jaan" @default.
- W217358196 hasPublicationYear "2008" @default.
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