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- W2181657029 abstract "Themortal risks ofacute episodes suchasthe LondonsmogofDecember, 1952, arewellrecognized, buttheinsidious effects. oflesser butmore continuous atmospheric pollution areless clearly understood. Contrasts inbronchitic mortality between Great Britain andScandinavia, andbetween townandcountry intheUnited Kingdom, strongly suggest that sucheffects areimportant. Uncovering theaetiology ofaslowly progressive disease like chronic bronchitis involves thestudy ofits evolution fromtrivial illness toultimate death andits relation toother respiratory diseases. Asastep towards this, wehaveusedthesickness absence experience of British civil servants tosupplement theusual mortality dataavailable fromtheRegistrar General's publications. TheBritish Civil Service offers considerable advantages asa population forepidemiological study. Numbering some600,000, ithasstandard conditions ofsick payandsuperannuation andcontains large groups, uniform inpayandjob, widely distributed throughout theUnited Kingdom. The individual sickness absence records, giving thedates ofonset andreturn toworkandthecertified diagnosis, areavailable forthewholeofanemployee's service andareafterwards retained for10years. Theypresent aunique opportunity bothforlongitudinal studies ofthenatural history ofdisease and forthemoreusual cross-sectional study ofcurrent morbidity experience. Thepotential value ofthese dataisevident inFig. 1(opposite), which showsthe distribution oftheaverage timelost through sickness absence bypostmen indifferent parts oftheUnited Kingdom. Thismorbidity pattern again suggests thehazards tohealth ofurbanlife whichareso clearly implied bytheurban-rural contrast inbronchitis mortality. Thelimitations ofsuchmaterial must, however, be emphasized. Anyoccupational group isselected both bytheindividual's choice ofcareer andbytheemployer's policy ofrecruitment anddischarge. Inthe Civil Service suchpolicy mayvarybetween different occupations andatdifferent periods. Theeffect of changes inretirement policy onsickness rates inthe PostOffice from1891to1946hasbeenshownby Roberts (1948). Moreover, someillnesses mayincapacitate, whether temporarily orpermanently, those inarduous occupations butnotthose doing light indoor work.Sickness rates should thusbe usedwithcaution asmeasures ofrelative occupational risk ortrends inmorbidity. Inascribing importance tothedifferent sickness rates ofpostmen andindoor workers, wehavetherefore lookedfor. changes inthis difference withage, locality, ordiagnosis. Nosecular comparison ofsick rates hasbeen made.Ontheother hand, uniform medical standards ofrecruitment andill-health retirement areapplied bytheCivil Service Commission andtheTreasury Medical Service overthewholecountry, andcomparisons bylocality arelargely free frombias dueto staff selection aswellasfromthat duetopayand job. Inthis study respiratory mortality inthemiddleagedpopulation atlarge isfirst correlated with measures ofairpollution, population density, and domestic overcrowding, indifferent areasofthe UnitedKingdom.Wastage andsickness rates amongcivil servants arethenrelated tothesame indices inthesameareas. Therefollows a more detailed analysis ofmorbidity amongthesame civil servants atdifferent agesandinareas withcontrasting degrees ofairpollution." @default.
- W2181657029 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2181657029 date "1958-01-01" @default.
- W2181657029 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2181657029 title "AIRPOLLUTIONAND OTHERLOCALFACTORS INRESPIRATORYDISEASE" @default.
- W2181657029 cites W2796122702 @default.
- W2181657029 hasPublicationYear "1958" @default.
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