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• W2182187553 abstract "Combining Passive Active Neutron / Gamma Energy Analysis with process or acceptable knowledge (the PAN/GEA/AK technique) has been successfully deployed for the characterization of contact handled (CH) transuranic (TRU) waste in accordance with the regulatory requirements. For most CH TRU streams Pu240 is the dominant source of spontaneous neutron emission, Pu239 is the dominant fissile isotope. Thus the signal from passive coincidence techniques may be attributed to Pu240 and the active neutron signal may be attributed to Pu239. Gamma spectroscopy (or AK data where insufficient gamma data is available) is then used to discriminate the other nuclides contribution to the active and passive signals. For Remote Handled TRU (defined as containers with external dose rates in the range 0.2 to 1,000 R/hr) it is often mistakenly believed that active and passive neutron techniques are not appropriate, because (i) isotopics are difficult to determine by gamma spectroscopy (ii) the waste streams are more diverse with isotopes such as the spontaneous neutron emitter Cm244 present for which there is no means to discriminate against. Both of these points are undeniably true – isotopics measurements are compromised by the Compton background and there is no easy means to discriminate different spontaneous neutron emitters or different fissile isotopes based purely on the signals received by the NDA equipment. However, BNFL Instruments experience gained from operations in the UK and USA using PAN/GEA/AK techniques to assay arisings from diverse waste streams including spent fuel debris (metal fuels and oxide fuels), reprocessing facility streams (waste and process measurements), plutonium fluoride, heat source plutonium (Pu238), isotope production facility waste (Cm244, Cm246, Cf252 etc), weapons facility waste, uranium waste (various enrichments from depleted to HEU) has shown that regulatory acceptable measurements can be made under the most challenging conditions. Expert analysis may be used in combination with automated software routines to make intelligent, experience based decisions on the waste container radionuclide inventory even when presented with “problem waste streams” producing signals that may, at first, be regarded as intractable. During design and commissioning of the NDA equipment, algorithms can be established to deconvolve the data for the known waste streams and pre-program data quality flags that indicate containers whose assay results fall outside the valid range of these algorithms. For the outlier containers that are thus flagged, the expert will make use of acceptable knowledge, sampling data together with all available assay information to produce defensible estimates of the radiological contents of the container." @default.
• W2182187553 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2182187553 date "2004-01-01" @default.
• W2182187553 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2182187553 title "APPLICATION OF THE PAN/GEA/AK METHOD TO THE NON-DESTRUCTIVE ASSAY OF REMOTE HANDLED TRU WASTE" @default.
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