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- W2182196178 abstract "animals experience dramatic changes in the structure and function of their digestive system along with other body organ systems. During hibernation, the gut motility, is significantly slowed down. Gut motility is controlled by the enteric nervous system moment-by-moment. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the enteric nervous system during hibernation. Whole-mount myenteric and submucosal plexus preparations were dissected and used for immunohistochemical staining for various neurochemical markers for enteric neurons. The human neuronal protein HuC/D is used as a marker for all enteric neurons. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is an enzyme for the synthesis of an excitatory neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is an enzyme for the synthesis of an inhibitory neurotransmitter, nitric oxide. Substance P (SP) is an excitatory neurotransmitter. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a neurotransmitter that inhibits gut motility. Segments of ileum were homogenized and used for measuring acetylcholine levels in summer active, winter torpor, and interbout arousal squirrels. The results suggested that there was no quantitative change in the total number of neurons in the enteric nervous system during winter torpor or interbout arousal. There was no significant difference in the number of neurons immunoreactive to NOS, SP, and VIP. However, there was a significant decrease in the number of neurons immunoreactive to ChAT in the myenteric plexus of the winter torpor squirrel. A significant decrease in choline content was seen in the winter torpor squirrels compared to the interbout arousal squirrels. Selective downregulation of ChAT and a decrease of choline content in the ileum may contribute to gut hypomotility during winter torpor in thirteen-lined ground squirrels." @default.
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- W2182196178 date "2014-01-01" @default.
- W2182196178 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2182196178 title "Effects of Hibernation on the Enteric Nervous System of the Thirteen- lined Ground Squirrels." @default.
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