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• W2182198663 abstract "Students generally have difficulty in understanding friction and its associated phenomena. High school and introductory university courses usually do not give the topic the attention it deserves and do not emphasize the crucial role of friction in establishing the mechanical equilibrium i.e. the end of a physical motion. In this paper the physical situation of a periodical motion of a mass-spring system subjected to static and kinetic friction forces is proposed as an interesting case to be explored both experimentally and theoretically. A model which includes the effects of the static friction force to determine the final mass position is presented. A detailed comparison between theoretical and experimental results is discussed. 1. Introduction Friction phenomena are everywhere around us allowing life as we know it. However at standard introductory university courses, and even in an higher formation level, not much attention is devoted to an in-depth study of mechanical motions in the presence of dissipative forces. Furthermore recent researches on student conceptions have highlighted several difficulties that students encounter in understanding friction [1, 2]. Purpose of the present work is to show how students can become familiar with a physical system presenting friction forces through experiments involving the periodic motion of a common massspring system out of its equilibrium position. In an ideal non-dissipative mass-spring system the motion due to the spring restoring force alone is characterized by undamped periodic oscillations around a centre of motion, position where the resultant force on the mass is equal to zero. An external constant force acting on the mass does not affect the period of each oscillation, but simply shifts only the position of the centre of motion. Furthermore the centre of motion is also the only initial position, with nil velocity, of stable equilibrium. Usually a spring-mass system in presence of a viscous friction force is discussed, i.e. damped oscillations are presented due to a friction force proportional to the velocity which yields an exponential amplitude decay. The physical departure from the ideal oscillatory model of the undamped periodic oscillations if a kinetic friction force is present is however generally less considered. Furthermore the role of static friction is often neglected. Attention is here addressed to report a theoretical [3], [4], [5] and an experimental study of a spring-mass system oscillatory motion in the presence of a kinetic friction force and care will be reserved in evaluating the role of the static friction force in determining the final mass position. The experiments described in the subsequent paragraphs have been tested with high school students and teachers in a course for physics teacher education. Theoretical and experimental results comparison is presented and discussed . All ideas emerged in the so-called ‘Scientific degrees project’ involving high school students inside the environment of the physics university Alessandro Volta of Pavia for laboratory activities. 2. From static equilibrium to the damped oscillations: a theoretical approach A mass-spring system, mass m , elastic constant k, oscillates constrained to an inclined-plane (θ being the inclination angle) in presence of both static and kinetic friction forces. Newton's law projected on a in-plane one-dimensional axis (oriented downward) can thus be written as:" @default.
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• W2182198663 date "2009-01-01" @default.
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• W2182198663 title "DAMPING OF THE OSCILLATIONS AND EQUILIBRIUM OF A MASS-SPRING SYSTEM MECHANICAL MOTION DUE TO DIFFERENT FRICTION FORCES" @default.
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