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• W2182231403 abstract "Populations tend to diverge genetically because of ge-netic drift, but their differences are reduced by theexchange of individuals or gametes—in brief, by geneflow. The evolutionary weight of drift depends on aproperty of each single population—its effective size.Conversely, the rate—and, therefore, the impact—ofgene flow depends on the relationships between popu-lations. Geographers say that everything is related toeverything else but that close objects are more closelyrelated than distant objects. That is the case for humanpopulations too. Migrating to nearby localities is eas-ier—and, therefore, more likely—than travelingveryfar;as a consequence, if one compares several pairs of pop-ulations, their allele frequencies will tend to be similarat short spatial distances. However, as the comparisonsinvolve samples that are more and more distant, therespective levels of gene flow will be lower, and so willbe their genetic similarity. Beyond a certain distance,pairs of allele frequencies will not be correlated (Kimuraand Weiss 1964; Morton et al. 1968).Within limited areas, geographic distance is thereforethe main factor limiting gene flow, but, on a broaderscale, additional factors are important, especially bar-riers. Mountains, seas, and deserts are examples of ge-ographic barriers. But other, more elusive obstacles alsoprofoundly affect the patterns of human genetic varia-tion: cultural barriers. Of these, language boundariesarereasonably stable and easy to locate in space, and hencethey are liable to study by quantitative approaches; butsocial or religious barriers may also exert similar effects.Humans do not tend to easily cross language bound-aries when choosing a partner. As a consequence, pop-ulations separated by such barriers are somewhat iso-lated from each other. The genetic consequences may besubstantial. In Europe, for example, linguistic bounda-ries show increased rates of of allele-frequency change" @default.
• W2182231403 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2182231403 creator A5014475176 @default.
• W2182231403 date "1997-01-01" @default.
• W2182231403 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2182231403 title "INVITED EDITORIAL DNA Variation and Language Affinities" @default.
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