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• W2182449585 abstract "Coronary heart disease (CHD), including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), is a serious public health problem in Finland and in other western countries. Geographical variation in the incidence and mortality of CHD between different countries and also within countries is well established. However, the major CHD risk factors like hypertension, smoking and serum cholesterol, gives only partial explanation to this geographical variation. This thesis estimates the geographical variation of total water hardness, Mg, Ca, Al, Cu, F , Fe, Zn, Cr and NO3 in local ground water (well water) in relation to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) incidence among men and women aged 35-74 years in rural Finland. This work is a part of larger study “Geographical Variation of Non-Communicable Diseases and Environmental Risk Factors”. Data of population at risk and AMI cases, from 14495 to 67755 men and 25450 women, were obtained from national registers. Pooled data from 1983, 1988 and 1993 and 19912003 were used in this analysis. Geochemical data were obtained from the geochemical database of Geological Survey of Finland. Bayesian spatial statistics and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) were then applied to estimate the regional patterns of AMI incidence and geochemical elements in ground water. The spatial pattern of AMI was quite similar for men and women implying spatial risk factors seem to be same for both sexes. The results of this study showed that high water hardness and especially high Mg concentrations in local ground water was associated with lower AMI incidence whereas high Ca/Mg ratio was associated with higher incidence. In summary, the findings of present study suggest that certain CHD risk factors tend to cluster in eastern Finland. This ecological study shows that geographical variation of AMI incidence is associated with elements from natural environment like Mg or water hardness in local ground water. A multi-country study following a single protocol with the objective to definitively clarify the association of water hardness with CHD risk is warranted. The results should then exploit for the possible detection of health based guideline values for drinking water of those elements. National Library of Medicine Classification: WA 390, WA 686, WA 900, WG 300 Medical Subject Headings: Calcium; Finland/epidemiology; Geographic Information Systems; Hardness; Magnesium; Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology; Risk Factors; Rural Population; Small-Area Analysis; Water; Water Supply/analysis Kousa, Anne. Kaivoveden kovuuden ja akuutin sydaninfarktin ilmaantuvuuden alueellinen yhteys maaseutualueilla Suomessa. Kuopion yliopiston julkaisuja D. Laaketiede 442. 2008. 92 p. ISBN 978-951-27-1162-8 ISBN 978-951-27-1059-1 (PDF) ISSN 1235-0303" @default.
• W2182449585 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2182449585 creator A5075099187 @default.
• W2182449585 date "2008-01-01" @default.
• W2182449585 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2182449585 title "The Regional Association of the Hardness in Well Waters and the Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rural Finland" @default.
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