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• W2183188097 abstract "v Abstract Mangrove ecosystems are known as very unique ecosystems with a large biodiversity, dominating the coastal zones in tropical and subtropical regions. The mangrove trees have typical characteristics to survive in a salty environment which is subjected to tides of the oceans, seas or rivers. Pneumatophores, salt glands, salt exclusion and vivipary are some adaptations that can be found among the mangrove species. Mangroves are important and essential ecosystems. For example, they function as a sediment trap preventing the destruction of coral reefs and sea grass beds, they house many different and endangered species and they are excellent fish nurseries. The local people depend on the mangrove forests for timber, charcoal and food. Despite, large scale destruction and fragmentation among mangrove forests are observed. Mangroves are even destroyed at a higher rate compared to tropical rainforests and coral reefs. This destruction is caused by intensive cutting, land use changes by humans, pollution, shrimp ponds and oil spills. Accumulating evidence points out that the siltation process particularly causing high tree mortality mangroves. Due to siltation, high amounts of suspended particles cover and thus smother the roots causing oxygen deficiency and possible death of the trees. The aim of this study was to investigate whether siltation causes stress in mangrove trees and in the worst tree mortality. It was investigated how siltation influenced the physiological and anatomical properties of the trees. Therefore, a measuring campaign was performed in the mangrove forest of Mikindani, near Mombasa (Kenya) from 10 of July till 15 August 2011. This region is known to be silted due to a flush flood in 1997 and the recent land use changes which induce anthropogenic land erosion and run off. A difference in siltation degree was observed in the region and correspondingly the region was divided in high siltation sites and low siltation sites. Measurements were performed on two local and abundant species, Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata. The measurements can roughly been subdivided in two parts. First, the diurnal patterns of stomatal conductance and o hydraulic branch conductance were measured using a porometer (AP4) and by applying the field method, respectively. A decline of one or both of these physiological variables indicates more stressful conditions for the tree due to siltation. Secondly, it was studied how trees adapt their anatomical and morphological characteristics in an attempt to prevent fluctuations in their metabolic and ecophysiological pathways due to siltation. Area and density of both vessels and stomata were measured together with other characteristics such as leaf number and sizes. The amount of available oxygen for the roots was estimated by the amount of crab burrows and pneumatophores. Lower values of stomatal conductance were found in the high siltation sites indicating that siltation causes higher stress levels in trees. The stomatal conductance of Avicennia marina was abnormally high in the morning. No significant differences in hydraulic branch conductance were found between" @default.
• W2183188097 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2183188097 creator A5030625066 @default.
• W2183188097 creator A5032303230 @default.
• W2183188097 creator A5032697668 @default.
• W2183188097 creator A5055980540 @default.
• W2183188097 date "2012-01-01" @default.
• W2183188097 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2183188097 title "How are anatomical and hydraulic features of Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata trees influenced by siltation" @default.
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