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• W2183425072 abstract "neither helped the universities nor n ational laboratories. Yet, the current pr oposal to accord deemed university status to national laboratories only deepens this dichotomy further. What is this dichotomy all about? Universities were entrusted with the task of teaching and setting standards in higher education through curriculum development, affiliation and examination, as well as award of research degrees such as M Phil, Ph D and D Sc to accomplished researchers. Gradually, even research degrees became courses for which pupils took admission, worked under the supervision of a university faculty, su bmitted a thesis which was peer-reviewed and degrees awarded. This was a part of an i nternational trend, driven by the increa sing role played by S&T in modern socio-economic development and the growing need for well-trained scientists to be e mployed in R&D activities in government institutions or industries. The worth of a Ph D degree gradually came to be measured not merely by the thesis submitted or the name of the university/department or the ‘guide/ supervisor’, but by the number of papers published in profe ssionally recognized peer-reviewed journals. The national laboratories, on the other hand, were established with the specific aim of making more direct contributions to the technological needs of the country in chosen areas such as medicine, agriculture, petroleum, metallurgy, energy, defence, space, etc. It was expected that these national (or regional) laboratories would employ selected scientific manpower generated from the colleges/universities and nurture their talents towards specific applied goals. A mixed economy model, driven by a strong public sector and a highly regulated private sector, wa s expected to take up the technologies d eveloped in the national laboratories and translate them into various marketable products, processes and services. However, barring a few successes in str ategic sectors such as defence, space and atomi c energy, in which the institutions that d eveloped or adapted technologies were also ‘users’ of those technologies, tec hnology transfer between ‘developers’ and ‘user industries’ did not grow in an e xpected manner, except in certain areas such as drugs and chemicals. Development which determines the eventual success of any prototype technology in the market and demands most of the investment in terms of money, time and manpower, was not taken up to the required level, as scientists in national laborat ories did not find them sufficiently intellect ually challenging or rewarding. Indian i ndustries preferred to take up fully deve loped, scaled-up and tested ‘ready to use’ technologies rather than work with prototypes and ideas. With the willingness of foreign companies to transfer such tec hnologies, the primary preoccupation of the Indian industry was to look for co llaborations and technology transfers from abroad. This suited the foreign firms to make whatever money they could, for their (often outdated) technologies in a pr otec" @default.
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• W2183425072 date "2005-01-01" @default.
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• W2183425072 title "Deemed university status to national laboratories: Need for a n ational debate" @default.
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