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- W2183616432 abstract "Psychotraumatic stress and anxiety refers to psychotrauma and psychotraumatic situations and experiences. It is also related to psychotraumatic reactions and disorders. Psychotraumatic stress, including stressors and strains, may also refer to the process of appraisal and coping with psychotrauma, and coping with physiological, behavioral, social and emotional reactions to trauma. Psychotrauma, as defined in DSM-111-R (1987), may involve serious threats to one’s life or physical integrity, serious threats or harm to one’s children, spouse, or other close relatives and friends, sudden destruction of one’s home or community, or seeing another person who has recently been, or is being, seriously injured or killed as the result of an accident or physical violence. A psychotrauma may also be related to learning about a serious threat or harm to a close friend or relative, e.g., that one’s child has been kidnapped, tortured or killed. Psychotrauma may be experienced alone or in the company of groups of people. Events or experiences related to psychotrauma include natural disasters, accidental disasters, or deliberately caused disasters. One can also think of natural disasters and man-made violence, with criminal violence, organized structural violence, and violence based upon political andor religious beliefs. Not only the actual victim or sufferer seems to be traumatized. The spouse, parents, children, family, friends and close relatives have to appraise the psychotraumatic situation, and have to cope with it. They may become traumatized, too. This means that threats of extreme violence and the threat of an event outside the range of usual human experience may be considered to be a sufficient condition for psychotrauma. Furthermore, physical components of a trauma may contribute to the after-effects and difficulties in coping with the event. But the presence or absence of physical injuries and reactions is not a necessary condition in order to use the concept of psychotrauma. It has been suggested that stressors such as torture, may produce signs and symptoms in refugees which differ from those in victims of natural disasters or car accidents. It is also suggested that man-made violence seems to produce more severe and longer lasting effects compared to events of a non-human design. The concept of psychotrauma and “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder” (PTSD) was included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) for the first time in its third edition (1980)." @default.
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- W2183616432 title "GUEST EDITORIAL PSYCHOTRAUMATIC STRESS AND ANXIETY" @default.
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