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• W2184303732 abstract "We tested a hypothesis that the high densities of some passerines breeding in North American marshes result from greater safety of this habitat from predators as compared to upland habitats. We examined the relative importance of water depth and distance from the marsh edge in lowering predation rates on experimental nests with Blue-breasted Quail (Coturnix chinensis) eggs. In addition, using cameras we studied the role of water depth in determining the predator community. Our results showed that: (1) predation was lower in the marsh than in the adjacent upland; (2) predation rates decreased with increasing water depth in the marsh; (3) for the marsh nests, the distance to the marsh edge was relatively unimportant; (4) the diversity of nest predators decreased with increasing water depth; and (5) in the deep marsh areas, there was only one major predator, the Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris). We propose that the greater safety of deep-water marsh areas, the reduced com- plexity of the predator community, and the type of predators allowing effective nest defense by nest owners have played the key role in the evolution of reproductive strategies of marsh- nesting passerines. Received 10 October 1991, accepted 15 June 1992. NORTH AMERICAN marshes are among the most productive habitats that also accommodate a di- verse avian community (Verner and Willson 1966). Some passerines, such as the Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), Yellow-headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), and Tricolored Blackbird (A. tricolor), breed in marshes in high densities (e.g. Orians 1961, 1980), suggesting that marshes are highly suit- able for these birds. This high suitability of marshes could be explained in terms of food abundance (e.g. Verner and Willson 1966, Or- ians 1980) and/or reduced nest predation (e.g. Robertson 1973, Wittenberger 1976). Food available on territories of the above blackbirds however, is relatively unimportant because in- dividuals of all three species usually forage away from their territories (e.g. Orians 1980). On the other hand, water in marshes should prevent most of the typical terrestrial predators from reaching passerine nests located especially in the deeper marsh areas. This presumably lower vulnerability of deep-water marshes to preda- tors should lead to intense competition among birds for these safe breeding grounds. Given these reasons, we have evaluated the effect of" @default.
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• W2184303732 date "1993-01-01" @default.
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• W2184303732 title "PATTERNS OF PREDATION ON PASSERINE NESTS IN MARSHES: EFFECTS OF WATER DEPTH AND DISTANCE FROM EDGE" @default.
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• W2184303732 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/110.1.89" @default.
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