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• W2184420007 abstract "The Six Nations Museum in the tiny Adirondack hamlet of Onchiota is one of the little known treasures of New York State. Within its log walls, there's more history and culture packed than in institutions many times its size. But this column is not about that longhouse-shaped private museum or the Mohawk family, the Faddens, who have kept its doors open for more than 60 summers. I'll write about them and its late, beloved founder Ray Tehanetorens Fadden at another time. Instead, this essay is linked to one object in that museum. It's a small leather bag hanging from one of the horns of a buffalo head mounted high above one of those doors. See that? John Kahionhes Fadden said to me one summer when I was visiting, jerking his head up toward the buffalo. belonged to Arthur Parker. That was his medicine pouch. Arthur C. Parker. If you do not know his name, then you probably don't know much about the Iroquois people, those five formerly warring tribes who gathered themselves into a great league of peace about a thousand years ago and who call themselves the Haudenosaunee, the People of the Longhouse. It was Arthur C. Parker who, through his extensive writing, his professional career as a museologist (his own description of his work), and as an activist, did much to dispel the stereotypes about Indians that characterized his time and make visible to the wider world the history and the contributions of the Haudenosaunee. His accomplishments were not without struggle. In her 2001 book, To Be Indian, The Life of Iroquois-Seneca Arthur Caswell Parker, Joy Porter does a thorough job of exploring the life of a man who was perhaps the most published Native American writer of his time. Yet Parker, born on the Seneca Indian Reservation in western New York, also found himself struggling between the white and Indian worlds throughout his life. Although he always identified as an Indian and as an Iroquois in particular, he was only one-quarter Seneca. Since that heritage was on his father's side, he did not qualify as a Seneca within the strictly matrilineal line of descent followed by all of the Haudenosaunee Nations, and was not enrolled. Parker expressed his displeasure about the matrilineal system in terms that I doubt endeared him to Iroquois clan mothers, stating: 'Legalists point out that only animals, slaves, and some Indians, among them the Iroquois of New York State, take their descent from the female line' (Porter 2001, 75). (However, when in 1903 formal adoption was offered him by the Seneca Bear clan, he accepted both the adoption and the name of Gawasowaneh, Big Snowsnake.) The distinguished nature of his Native heritage partially explains why identification as Iroquois was so vitally important to him. Parker claimed that his great-grandmother was a direct descendant of the Seneca prophet, Handsome Lake, and a great niece of the famous orator Red Jacket. His grandfather, Nicholson Parker (1819-1892), a graduate of Albany Normal School was, as Arthur wrote 'clerk of the Seneca nation, United States interpreter, census agent, marshall of the nation, orator, agriculturalist and civil engineer' and a 'pioneer of progress among his people' (Porter 2001, 14-15). He was also the brother of the famous Ely Parker, who was both a sachem and a brevet general in the Civil War and, as I pointed out in an earlier column, a seminal source of information about Iroquois culture for such writers as Lewis Henry Morgan. (Morgan's League of the Haudenosaunee or Iroquois, in fact, was deeply important to Arthur Parker, and he referred to it often throughout his life. 'The influence of Morgan and my great uncle have been with me since childhood' Parker would write, while also pointing out that he himself was born in 1881, the year of Morgan's death [Porter 2001, 26, 40]). His family home was filled not just with objects of Iroquois material culture, but also with the stories that his grandfather Nic had told around the fire. …" @default.
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• W2184420007 date "2015-03-22" @default.
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• W2184420007 title "Being Iroquois: Arthur C. Parker" @default.
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