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- W2184452999 abstract "Competitive exchange afiects the transport of cations through soils with negatively charged surfaces, and when more than 2 cations are present in the soil solution the efiects are complex. There has been little previous experimental work to examine these efiects in ternary (or higher order) cation systems. Cation transport experiments involving both binary and ternary cation exchange were therefore carried out. Calcium, which initially saturated both the solution and exchange phases of the soil, was displaced by inflltrating solutions of Na + and Ca 2+ ,K + and Ca 2+ ,o r K + and Na + . In all cases, the equivalent fraction of Na + or K + in the in∞owing solution was 0¢5. The spatial distributions of cation concentrations in both the solution and exchange phases were measured by destructive sampling. The Na + front advanced into the soil much more rapidly than K + in all experiments because Ca 2+ {K + exchange was much stronger than Ca 2+ {Na + exchange. In the ternary experiments (Na + and K + displacing Ca 2+ ), this led to the K + and Na + fronts being distinctly separate from each other, with the result that Ca 2+ {K + exchange occurred in a background of almost constant Na + concentration, and Ca 2+ {Na + exchange occurred in a background of constant (near-zero) K + concentration. The presence of the highly competitive K + had little in∞uence on the transport of Na + , but the presence of Na + did afiect the distribution of K + . For experiments involving both binary and ternary exchange, the positions of the cation fronts and the shapes of the cation distributions in both the solution and exchange phase could be predicted using the appropriate binary exchange isotherms and approximate analytical solutions published previously." @default.
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- W2184452999 date "1997-01-01" @default.
- W2184452999 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2184452999 title "Competitive exchange of K + ,N a + ,a nd Ca 2 + during transport through soil" @default.
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