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- W2184764140 abstract "Background The epidemiologic transition model (ETM), introduced by Omran in 1971 (1), provides an eloquent theory linking shifting economies in societies to changing population patterns in life expectancy and all-cause mortality. Omran posits that the adoption of agriculture introduced Neolithic societies to an ‘‘Age of Pestilence and Famine’’ and that in the 20th century we began to see a shift from infectious diseases to an ‘‘Age of Degenerative and Man-Made Diseases’’ (also called ‘‘Diseases of Affluence’’, i.e. chronic diseases) in technologically and economically developed first-world nations. While the basic premise makes sense that socio-economic and technological changes over time lead to changes in population disease patterns the discriminatory and inherently colonial connotations of Omran’s thesis should not be ignored, especially as this model has been used in public health as a platform for advocating certain health policies in developing nations and among the disadvantaged segments of developed nations. Several scholars have criticized the ETM for assuming human societies pass through distinct stages of development with each new stage being more desirable than the previous; ignoring the epidemiologic and social variation within nations; and obscuring the fact that ‘‘diseases of affluence’’ disproportionately affect the marginalized and the poor. However, the ETM, and more generally a paradigm of ‘‘transition’’-based thinking, continues to be quite common in research in the circumpolar North. We see this in studies of northern populations that focus on ‘‘social transition’’, ‘‘nutritional transition’’ and ‘‘cultural transition’’. Much of the literature focused on ‘‘transition’’ in the North appears to imply that technological and industrial development should automatically lead to decreased infectious diseases through increasing access to biomedicine, and subsequently lead to increased chronic diseases as Arctic populations ‘‘adapt’’ to Western diets and sedentary lifestyles. The notion of ‘‘transition’’ itself can be problematic, as it implies that the Indigenous peoples are caught in the past and need to ‘‘catch up’’ with the white society. Some have argued that transition models do not adequately reflect the lived experiences of the northern Indigenous populations (2). These populations cannot be said to be undergoing simple socio-economic transitions with clearly demarcated periods of ‘‘traditional’’ and ‘‘modern’’ technologies and economies." @default.
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- W2184764140 date "2013-01-01" @default.
- W2184764140 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2184764140 title "Problems with the epidemiologic transition model: structural inequality, H. pylori bacteria and stomach diseases in Aklavik, NWT" @default.
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