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• W2184920796 abstract "Until the late 1970s, little research had been done specifically on women alcoholics and their treatment; consequently, all referrals were generally made to an Alcoholics Anonymous group using the 12-step program. This program was designed by male alcoholics for other men and treated all alcoholics, men and women, the same. There were no alternatives (Kaskutas, 1994, p. 185). 1 Shortly thereafter, with the rise of the women’s movement, and consistent with the thinking of sociologist Dr. Jean Kirkpatrick, women’s needs in recovery and their treatment began to be viewed differently. Dr. Kirkpatrick’s position was that a woman’s experience as an alcoholic is a distinct phenomenon – as is her recovery from her drinking – and she requires a separate approach as well as separate meetings (Kaskutas, 1994, p. 186). Likewise, as researcher Dr. Lee Kaskutas surmised, “The AA philosophy and its approach to sobriety are not for everyone, irrespective of gender” (Kaskutas, 1992b, p. 632). Fortunately, in 2012 there is greater acknowledgment that women pursuing recovery need to be treated separately and differently from men; therefore, different but equally effective treatment approaches are needed as alternatives. Women for Sobriety (WFS) is considered one of these unique solutions. This article examines Women for Sobriety, an abstinence-based, secular recovery organization for women, founded in 1975. WFS and its program were created as an alternative recovery strategy in contrast to the wellknown 12-step approach. 2 As a non-professional, self- and mutual-help organization, WFS has no physical treatment facilities; it offers the WFS “New Life” Program, group meetings, and other support materials to help women pursue a positive recovery. Also considered in this article is how the WFS organization has fared over the past 20 years and where the organization is today, based on the results of two surveys of the WFS organization conducted 20 years apart, in 1991 and 2011. The comparisons indicate that the organization has evolved through the years by facing challenges and embracing change, yet preserving necessary continuities. WFS HISTORY In 1973, Jean Kirkpatrick was 50 years old with a Ph.D. in sociology and dwindling job prospects; she was also an alcoholic with a 29-year history of problem drinking and only a collective three years’ sober, until she was able to achieve lasting sobriety on her own, using her own methods. In her search for a new profession and meaningful work, she realized that, in addition to her education and experience in teaching and research, she had considerable expertise as an alcoholic, more specifically a woman alcoholic, who overcame alcoholism using a means other than the traditional AA 12-step program in widespread use at that time. Also, she had worked with and sponsored women alcoholics in her previous years in AA, and she was planning work with Marty Mann, the founder of the National Council on Alcoholism. Above all, though, she viewed herself as an expert on female alcoholics, based on her extensive first-hand experience with her own addiction. She had found a cause and, at last, what became her life’s work. A prolific writer, she began to collect and organize her thoughts, notes and perspectives on alcoholism and recovery based on her personal experience, until her original trial and error methods gelled into a new program designed by a woman alcoholic specifically for women alcoholics. Her approach to sobriety was influenced by the writings of American Transcendental author and thinker Ralph Waldo Emerson and the Unity Movement of New Thought, another product of the late nineteenth century; her exploration and practice of meditation; the emerging women’s movement; her experience with AA and her own battle with alcohol; and, her studies of sociology. These intellectual, introspective, and experiential pursuits combined to result in a cognitive-based program that would address what she believed to be the fundamental problem of women alcoholics: low self-esteem." @default.
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• W2184920796 date "2012-01-01" @default.
• W2184920796 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2184920796 title "WOMEN FOR SOBRIETY: Thirty-five Years of Challenges, Changes, and Continuity" @default.
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