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• W2185032016 abstract "Coleman National Fish Hatchery (CNFH) has a long history of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) disease in its juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytsha) that can result in high fish mortality and the subsequent release of large numbers of IHNV exposed juveniles. The transmission of IHNV to wild or natural chinook populations in the Sacramento River system from infected hatchery fish is a concern for resource managers. In this study, natural chinook juveniles were cohabitated with experimentally IHNV-infected hatchery chinook at ratios of 1:1, 1:10, and 1:20 for either 5 minutes or 24 hours. Additional natural chinook salmon were held in cages within the exposure tanks. During the 7 d post-exposure rearing period, a portion of each natural group was stressed daily. These exposures were designed to simulate brief and “worst case” natural fish contacts with a massive hatchery release of infected fish. Virus was not detected by tissue culture assays from any natural chinook in the 3 experiments. The inability to detect virus in the tissues of exposed natural fish, regardless of their duration of exposure, ability to directly interact with infected fish, or post-exposure stress indicates a low ecological risk to natural populations if infected hatchery fish are released into the Sacramento River. Unique characteristics of the host – pathogen relationship should be evaluated for each situation when developing risk assessments. Introduction Pathogen transmission from cultured fish to wild fish is one element within the controversy over the impact of aquaculture on natural systems (Hedrick 1998, Schramm and Piper 1995). Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) has been a significant chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytsha) disease problem at Coleman National Fish Hatchery (CNFH) since it began operations in the 1940’s (Ross et al. 1960). Epizootics have been common in the fall-run chinook salmon production with high mortality and subsequent release of large numbers of IHNV exposed juveniles. Recently, the National Marine Fisheries Service has placed specific conditions on CNFH chinook releases due to the potential risk of virus transmission to the endangered winter -run chinook juveniles (1999 interim Biological Opinion). There appears to be a distinct difference between a hatchery epizootic and experimental viral challenges with the local IHNV strain. Constant viral exposure and high densities of hosts may be required for efficient transmission as the Sacramento R. strain of IHNV shows relatively low virulence. Previous studies have shown that 30 min static bath challenges with 5.7 x 10 Plaque Forming Units / mL (1997 CNFH isolate) produce only 10 % cumulative mortality over 19 days (unpublished data by author). The objective of this study was to determine, if during simulated river encounters, IHNV could be transmitted from infected hatchery to natural chinook juveniles. It was partially funded by an interagency agreement with U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (11230-1937-" @default.
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• W2185032016 date "2000-01-01" @default.
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• W2185032016 title "Lack of experimental evidence for IHN virus transmission from infected hatchery to natural Chinook salmon juveniles in the Sacramento River" @default.
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