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• W2185126031 abstract "This article compares the first gubernatorial recall of 1921 with the second such recall of 2003. North Dakota Governor Lynn J. Frazier had always been a footnote in history with his removal from office over 80 years ago, but much can be learned by systematically comparing the first recall campaign with the whirlwind campaign surrounding the demise of California Governor Gray Davis and the rise of political neophyte Arnold Schwarzenegger. An initial review of the Progressive period is given, followed by an in-depth analysis of America’s first recall, which occurred in the City of Los Angeles in 1903. The article then moves through a detailed discussion of the 1921 campaign to oust Frazier. This first recall is then compared and contrasted with the 2003 California governor’s race. The article concludes with a theoretical discussion of the power of the recall provision and how it may be applied to senior executives in California and elsewhere in the future. This “right of removal” has been both a threat to gubernatorial power and a tool for citizen activism. Imagine a political race where a recently reelected governor faces a tremendous statewide budget crisis, a well-organized and financially strong opposition, and plunging support from a cynical and frustrated electorate. Adding to this incumbent’s problems, the state is one of only a handful with a rarely used recall provision in its Constitution that some opponents, still bitter from the last race the previous November, plan to exploit. In fact, an unusual, but strong, candidate to challenge the struggling incumbent has surfaced. This person has only minor political experience, is European-born with what observers describe as a thick accent, and is a moderate on most issues. Imagine a volatile October recall campaign that ends with the incumbent being removed from office and the newcomer succeeding. California in 2003, right? Not exactly. These events describe the first-ever gubernatorial recall in American history, which took place in the rural state of North Dakota in October of 1921. The troubled governor in question is Lynn J. Frazier and the triumphant challenger is Scandinavian-born Ragnvold A. Nestos. While the above events also describe the 2003 recall campaign of California Governor Gray Davis and the rise of his eventual replacement, Arnold Schwarzenegger, it is important to look at the nation’s first gubernatorial" @default.
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• W2185126031 date "2003-01-01" @default.
• W2185126031 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2185126031 title "CALIFORNIA'S RIGHT OF REMOVAL: Recall Politics in the Modern Era" @default.
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