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• W2185250344 abstract "The evidence on the brain is from casts of the cranial cavity (endocasts) which are only slightly misrepresented when called fossil brains. Endocasts of most mammals are remarkably brainlike in appearance; the cranial cavity is usually an excellent mold for a three-dimensional model of the brain. But an endocast is not a brain; it is a view of the external surface, and in primates it is a view that excludes most of the details of the pattern of convolutions. Even with these limitations endocasts are a marvelous source of information about the evolution of the brain. A review of this literature can be encyclopedic or it can be critical. I take the second option, because several recent publications have satisfi ed the en­ cyclopedic objective. Tobias ( lIS) reviewed much morphological as well an quantitative evidence specific to the hominids, and my monograph ( 58) empha­ sizes relative size relations, especially 9rain: body relations, in all of the verte­ brates. The monograph by Tobias is a profusely illustrated, eclectic work, which also presents his views on the evolution of human behavior. I review the evidence on cranial capacity in hominids within the context of the evolution of encephalization in vertebrates and emphasize the role of intelligence as a response to certain selection pressures during the evolution of birds and mam­ mals. Kochetkova (64) has also reviewed the evidence available as of about 1969 in a magnum opus which is a suitable memorial for her too brief scientific career. It would be helpful to have an English translation of this monograph; it is presently accessible to those with a minimum of Russian since much of the material is in tables and graphs suitable for further analysis. Among older publications Coon's (17) remains useful, especially on the Neanderthals, and Piveteau's volume on primates (91) supplements Coon by illustrating the morphology of the Neanderthal and other Homo sapiens endocasts. It would be appropriate to reassess Neanderthal data at this time, in view of recent use of this material in the analysis of the evolution of speech (70, 73). Shorter reviews have appeared that have also been quite comprehensive. Holloway (53, 54) has reviewed the data on the East African fossils and used this" @default.
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• W2185250344 title "EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN BRAIN" @default.
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