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• W2185441752 abstract "SUMMARY Darwinian evolution is normally modeled as the outcome of the interaction between reproduction, variation and selection. These interactions may become very complex, especially when considering that selection may act on several genes simultaneously. A numerical simulation model was developed, based on a five-step stochastic evolutionary algorithm, which in addition to reproduction, variation and selection included explicitly mate selection and phenotypic transformations. The model graphically illustrates the dynamic interactions affecting a multi-gene system. The results emphasize that biological evolution is an irreversible process showing strong genetic drift. Simulations showed that asexual reproductive strategies were very stable in evolutionary competitions and consistently out-bred sexual ones. Bisexuality succeeded in replacing asexuality only in changing environments and could be maintained only if non-random mate selection mechanisms were at work. Simulations showed that in trisexual organisms, mate selection mechanisms and natural selection do not work efficiently. Thus, reproductive strategies with more than two sexes are improbable. Polyploidy may improve evolutionary success among monosexuals as it reduces the exhaustion of the variability of the gene pool due to continuous selection pressure. I postulate that sex evolved under changing selection pressures, allowing the emergence of sexual selection, which allowed sex to stabilize, thanks to the strong irreversible dynamics in the evolution of complex organisms. KEY WORDS / Evolution / Biodynamics / Sex / Polyploidy / Irreversible / Dynamics / Sexual selection /" @default.
• W2185441752 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2185441752 creator A5057968803 @default.
• W2185441752 date "2008-01-01" @default.
• W2185441752 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2185441752 title "THE DYNAMICS OF THE EVOLUTION OF SEX: WHY THE SEXES ARE, IN FACT, ALWAYS TWO?" @default.
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