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- W2185506981 abstract "Equivalency testing, a statistical method often used in biostatistics to determine the equivalence of 2 experimental drugs, is introduced to social scientists. Examples of equivalency testing are offered, and the usefulness of the method to the social scientist is discussed. Although the central limit theorem was developed to allow the estimation of confidence bounds around an observed mean (see Adams, 1974, a fascinating presentation), its major application in empirical science has been to test whether the absolute between two means is greater than zero. However, there has been a growing dissatisfaction with traditional tests of the null hypothesis, in which the between two population means is precisely zero. Somehow, the testing of a hypothesis of no difference has resulted in the cognitive illusion that the investigator did not actively choose this as a plausible alternative hypothesis—that the null hypothesis was just a given of nature. However, it has been long recognized that with very large sample sizes, this null hypothesis will be rejected in almost all cases, resulting in statistically significant differences that are substantively trivial. In response to this state of affairs, and after establishing the statistical reliability of results, investigators have turned to estimates of the amount of variance accounted for or effect sizes (ESs) to evaluate the substantive significance of their findings. With the recent popularity of power analysis, investigators now design their studies in such a way that statistical analyses will be relevant to preselected differences (e.g., small, moderate, or large ESs) of presumed substantive import. This has resulted in a more complex interplay between hypothesis testing and statistical analyses: one in which investigators are asked to select a meaningful before executing a study. Dissatisfaction with the traditional null hypothesis has also emerged in an area of research in which the aim is not to establish the superiority of one treatment or method over another, but rather to establish equality between the two methods. This type of research involves the testing of treatment innovations to" @default.
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- W2185506981 date "1993-01-01" @default.
- W2185506981 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2185506981 title "QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY Using Significance Tests to Evaluate Equivalence Between Two Experimental Groups" @default.
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