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- W2185647426 abstract "A Abstract-The measurement of loads exerted by first-year, multiyear, and pack sea ice has required the development of ice stress and strain sensors with local and remote logging facilities. A delta strainmeter was developed for slow creep loading of ice at Tarsiut Island in the Beaufort Sea. This has since been used to record surface strain on a surging glacier on Svalbard with data transmission by the Argos satellite system. Ice stress cannot be derived from the strain rate when ice loads vary rapidly or when fracturing occurs. A new ice stress sensor has been developed for these conditions. A thin disc sensor has been produced with a high axial stiffness and thermal stability. A method of installation which ensures good contact between the sensor and the ice mass is very important to the successful operation of any stress sensor. A poorly installed or soft sensor can only respond after long periods under load and then is likely to under- read stress levels. The methods used in a range of field conditions are described. A data set showing stresses of up to 600 kPa recorded in first- year ice near a Beaufort Sea structure is shown as an example of performance. I. INTRODUCTION IELD measurements of the loads exerted by sea ice on F offshore structures make up an important part of the exploration strategy for oil and gas in Arctic areas. This paper describes the instruments developed and operational experi- ence gained in the measurement of strain rates and stresses in floating sea ice to indicate the total global loads occurring naturally against an artificial island or similar structure (Fig. The loading conditions studied have included slow-moving winter first-year ice at Tarsiut, Mukluk, and Kaubvik Islands in the Beaufort Sea, summer freely moving multiyear ice at Hans Island, and a pack-ice mixture at Katie's Floeberg. The instruments have also been deployed on a surging glacier on Spitzbergen in Norway." @default.
- W2185647426 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2185647426 date "1989-01-01" @default.
- W2185647426 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2185647426 title "Stress and Strain Instruments Developed Measurements of Ice" @default.
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