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• W2185687476 abstract "Summary Driver and pilot modelling has been successfully applied to unravel driver and pilot behaviour, and to design systems optimally matching driver and pilot capacities. Modelling has been applied in particular for continuous manual control tasks such as steering where drivers apply continuous steering actions to control vehicle heading and lateral position. In such models the visuomotor loop describes steering wheel rotation as a function of visual information regarding the road and the vehicle state. Some pilot models include a vestibular component which describes how vestibularly perceived motion contributes to pilot behaviour. Interfaces such as steering wheels in cars provide drivers with haptic (force) feedback regarding the vehicle state, and to optimally design such interfaces neuromuscular models have been developed describing how operators use reflexes to control limb position, force or stiffness. This paper describes state of the art driver and pilot models and shows how the visual, vestibular, and neuromuscular control loops have been tested and modelled. In particular it describes how multiple stimuli have been applied simultaneously to identify operator behaviour in relatively short experiments eliciting steady state behaviour. Human control behaviour is shown to adapt effectively and systematically to the dynamics of the system being controlled as well as to task instructions and applied stimuli. Methods Driver and pilot (or operator) model identification enables the estimation of operator model parameters based on measured operator responses to certain stimuli. Operator model identification has been successfully applied to capture human control behaviour in continuous closed-loop tasks such as aircraft control, car following and steering. Human control actions could be described as (linear, time-invariant) function of task-related stimuli and perceivable responses of the controlled vehicle. Such models describe how operators dynamically control the acceleration, velocity and position of vehicles to follow a desired path and to correct for possible disturbances. Complex operator models have been derived simply fitting available data and/or hypothesizing plausible control loops [9]. This paper focusses on operator models which can be uniquely identified from dedicated experiments on individual drivers. Here unique identification refers to the possibility to uniquely derive a set of operator parameters with good experimental reproducibility [16]. Unique identification makes operator model identification a sensitive design tool. For proposed vehicles and user interfaces, operator behaviour can be identified using driving or flight simulators. Comparing operator model parameters for different vehicle designs, we can measure whether and how operators adapt their control behaviour. Effects of proposed vehicle modifications have shown to provide valuable insight in operator behaviour, and have shown significant and relevant changes in cases where traditional performance measures reflecting task accuracy were not significantly changed as a result of effective adaptation by the operator" @default.
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• W2185687476 date "2012-01-01" @default.
• W2185687476 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2185687476 title "Driver and Pilot Identification and Model Parameter Estimation; Modelling the Visual, Vestibular, and Neuromuscular Control Loops Describing Driver and Pilot Behaviour" @default.
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