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- W2186043429 abstract "This paper gives an overview of the history of oil and gas pipelines, and their status today. It concludes with a glimpse at future pipelines, and issues we will be facing as we continue to burn fossil fuels and look for alternatives. Pipelines have been used for thousands of years, but modern day pipelines have their origins in Pennsylvania, USA in the mid-1800s. As technology improved, larger and longer pipelines were built, and the demand for energy during World War II increased both the need and extent of pipelines in the USA, then around the world. Most countries now have large oil and gas pipelines systems: Russia has huge pipeline networks, and if you laid the Canadian pipeline system, end to end, it would extend 17 times around the world! Worldwide, there are about 3,500,000km of transmission pipelines transporting oil and gas. The big issue facing this vast pipeline system today is age; for example, over 50% of the 1,000,000 km USA oil and gas pipeline system is over 40 years old. The continuing demand for oil and gas will mean these ageing systems will need to function safely and efficiently for many more years. Therefore, the future for our current pipelines will see an emphasis on inspection and maintenance. But what about new pipelines? Certainly, we will be building many new oil and gas pipelines, some in hostile environments, such as deep water. We will also be building pipelines to carry differing products, such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen, as the drive for cleaner and alternative fuels continues." @default.
- W2186043429 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2186043429 date "2007-01-01" @default.
- W2186043429 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2186043429 title "PIPELINES: Past, Present, and Future." @default.
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