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• W2186100346 abstract "Approximately 100 000 people are involved in small-scale gold mining activities in the Philippines. The methods that they mainly use are the amalgamation and/or cyanidation processes. These technologies, which have been used during the last 30 years, are easy, efficient and relatively cheap, but at the same time the toxic mercury and cyanide have brutal effects both on humans and environment. The miners themselves are the ones who are mostly affected by the poisons; no safety equipment is being used and toxification of mercury results in tunnel vision, cramps and paralysis. Waste problems are frequent, since tailings dams in most cases not are built. This results in dispersal of toxicants, which affects, or even kills, the fishes in the nearby running waters. Since the mercury also is easily transported, the problems related to gold mining could be classified as both local and global. The gold miners are in a difficult situation. They are dependent of the income from the gold and therefore they are using the cheap and simple methods. If an economic sustainable and environmentally benign method could be introduced to the gold miners in the world today, it would help to prevent environmental degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new method for gold recovery, suitable for smallscale miners and in which mercury, cyanide or other chemicals are not used. The study was performed at five different gold sites in the Philippines (Diwalwal, Mainit, Acupan, Balatoc and Paracale). In order to understand the complex situation from a miner’s perspective and further determine the possible willingness and chances to improve the situation in the small-scale gold mining areas of the country, interviews with the local miners were also performed. The results of the study show that use of mercury in small-scale gold mining in the Philippines, theoretically, could be replaced by use of magnetic sluices. The efficiency varies slightly, both within and between the sites, but according to the evaluation tests, the top value of the efficiency is estimated to 73%. In comparison, the recovery using the amalgamation method is estimated to between 40 and 50% and the recovery after cyanide treatment is estimated to approximately 90%. Though, it is possible that further studies could lead to development and/or adaptation of the method to local conditions, which could increase the recovery even more. If the magnetic sluices cannot completely replace the amalgamation method, the chances of at least reducing the use of mercury are large, for example by adding mercury in the final step only, while panning. In conclusion: the miners want and need a change. The obstacles for development are lack of technology and knowledge, unstable economy, habits and the fact that mercury and cyanide are easily accessible on the market. With financial support, measures such as free distribution of safety equipment, education, medical treatment of intoxicated persons, and building of waste disposals could become reality. Further, for development and adaptation of environmentally benign methods, stricter control/legislation and accessible loans/micro credits to the miners are important. In summary: by having an intense dialogue with the gold miners and work from their perspective using the right measures, I believe that the use of mercury in small-scale gold mining has a high potential of being reduced in the future." @default.
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• W2186100346 date "2005-01-01" @default.
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• W2186100346 title "Evaluation of a new, mercury-free method for small-scale gold mining in the Philippines" @default.
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