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• W2186238085 abstract "Research on Fusarium Wilt (Foc) went through two important eras. The “Gros Michel era” who discusses the possible origins and research associated to ‘Gros Michel’ epidemics in the American tropics. During the “Cavendish era” the research was focused on the diversity of the pathogen and not into the disease (Moore et al. 1999). Consequently Fusarium Wilt disease continued to be a problem in dessert bananas produced by smallholders (Buddenhagen 1990). Additionally, the last few decades have been characterized by the emergence of new infectious diseases and re-emergence of old infectious ones (Wilcox and Ellis 2006). Understanding the actual Fusarium Wilt status is important to the detection of free-disease areas and to avoid the entrance of new strains where a limited diversity already exist (Moore et al. 1999). The grower perception is a rich knowledge which permit to understand what are been the growers doing why they are doing, and what is required if a new technology is to be accepted by growers (Altieri, 1984), facilitating disease control strategies advocated by experts. Materials and Methods The study area included 30 farms equally distributed among two zones of northern Nicaragua (13 o 0’ North, 85 o 0’ West), zones-1 in Jinotega and zone-2 in San Ramon. The farm selection began with a 200 growers list containing basic farms information, randomly 50 farms of up 15 ha and having banana and coffee growing under trees shade on at least 1 ha were chosen, from those 30 farms were selected by logistic convenience. Randomly each surveyed farm received 2 plots of 625 m 2 (25x25m) where boundaries were marked for better orientation. Quantitative measurement as: banana, coffee and trees density, Gros Michel (race 1 susceptible cultivar) density, number of banana pseudostem per plant, altitude, inclination and diseased plants for occurrence were registered in order to characterize the system. Diseased plants were indexed to incidence and severity. Incidence was determined by the number of Foc diseased Gros Michel plants by the total number of susceptible Gros Michel plants inside a plot (Subramanian et al 2006). Severity was graded according external and internal symptoms of yellowing, wilt and corm discoloration based on the International Network for Improvement of Banana and Platain (INIBAP) proposed by Orjeda (1998). Occurrence was determined by the ratio of Foc infected farms by the total number of surveyed farms. Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to identify relationship between the Foc disease incidence and farms measures. One way Anova was used to determine statistical difference among incidence of northern Nicaragua zones. Grower perception was evaluated through a semi-structured questionnaire performed in each surveyed farm. A total of 26 questions were prepared to get their perception regard the banana and coffee crop importance, disease knowledge and management. Questions were analyzed by frequency of answers and statistical differences verified" @default.
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• W2186238085 date "2010-01-01" @default.
• W2186238085 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2186238085 title "Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense) in Gros Michel (AAA) bananas, the incidence at smallholder level of Nicaragua." @default.
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