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- W2186299357 abstract "Attenuation-based remedies for metals and long-lived radionuclides rely primarily on immobilization of contaminants as stable and/or nontoxic species. This stabilization and toxicity reduction can result from natural processes, geochemical gradients, or biogeochemical manipulation. Except for a few radionuclides, the original contaminant remains in the subsurface so that documentation of the sustainability, or permanence, of stabilization and detoxification is crucial to assessing performance. The Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council (ITRC) has developed a technical and regulatory guidance to facilitate implementation of new EPA policy and guidance for monitored natural attenuation (MNA) of metals and radionuclides. The document addresses issues identified in a web-based survey of state regulators and provides examples of state protocols and stakeholder issues related to the application of MNA as a remedy. Significant uncertainties in MNA cleanup efficacy and timelines may conflict with stakeholder expectations. Current federal and state regulatory policy and guidance is summarized and factors crucial to regulatory acceptance are presented. A decision framework in this guidance document provides a consistent basis for states, stakeholders, federal agencies, and site owners to evaluate and implement attenuation-based remedies for metals and radionuclides. In the framework, an enhanced attenuation strategy supports instances where actions may be needed to support long-term sustainability of the MNA mechanisms. The outcome of these efforts is a process that will encourage regulatory cooperation and expedite cleanup." @default.
- W2186299357 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2186299357 date "2011-01-01" @default.
- W2186299357 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2186299357 title "Solving Closure Challenges: Applying Attenuation Processes to Metals and Radionuclides - 11234" @default.
- W2186299357 hasPublicationYear "2011" @default.
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