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• W2186488426 abstract "Summary Fault shadow poses a potential development risk and prevents exploration of deep resource plays. Here, we present a study that uses 2D finite difference modeling and a one-way wave equation depth migration method to investigate weak illuminations in footwall reflectors. We examined the quality of footwall imaging from poststack and prestack migrations with true model and with velocity estimates from iterative migrations. Appearances of fault shadow effect were seen on the geologic section as time anomalies, in poststack time migrations as distorted reflections which appeared as another sub-seismic fault. In the depth migrated images, they occurred as anticlines and synclines that contradicts the geology. We observed a confined section of the footwall was poorly illuminated. Results from the prestack depth migrations was quite significant with improved imaging. The velocity model time anomalies are the results of the truncation of the overlying stratigraphy by the fault throw causing an abrupt velocity contrast across the fault. Seismic rays undergo ray bending and experience traveltime distortions as it propagates across the fault from the overburden low velocity into the high velocitygradient footwall. This create some non-hyperbolic reflections which will frustrate poststack migration efforts. The poor images in poststack time migration implies that events are migrated to their incorrect positions in vertical time with a Dix-based RMS velocity transformation that is suboptimal. The inadequacies of poststack migrations in perfectly imaging footwall reflections can also be attributed to the dip-dependence effect of normal moveout velocities. NMO and stacking of events along hyperbolas without prior dip moveout correction will cause apparent disruptions and smeared reflections. A better imaging solution is obtained from the prestack depth migrations which showed improved footwall reflections without seismic artifacts. In conclusion, fault shadow is a velocity and wave propagation problem and requires good understanding of the faulted environment and velocities." @default.
• W2186488426 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2186488426 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W2186488426 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2186488426 title "Investigating fault shadows in a normally faulted geology" @default.
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