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• W218694838 abstract "ABSTRACT This research note examines the training needs of firms in a single community and suggests how local officials can use such information to implement more effectively job-training strategies as a local economic development tool. Training in interpersonal relations, motivation, work ethic, and quality orientation is needed and can be provided through collaborative arrangements with a variety of providers. For more specialized skills, voucher or subsidy strategies should be explored. Publicizing the quality of workers from governmental or subsidized training programs appears particularly challenging. INTRODUCTION Human resource development, retraining or training programs, vocational education, displaced worker assistance programs, and other workforce-based programs have been presented as viable and cost-effective instruments in the economic development arsenal of governments at all levels.1 Indeed, the academic literature is currently replete with recommendations that training and other investments in human capital be given preference over other economic development strategies. In short, programs targeting human capital are purported to be more cost effective in that they build on local resources, provide value-added for tax dollars spent, and enrich the local skill base (Thurow, 1980; Reich, 1983; Jones and Vedlitz, 1988; O'Toole and Simmons, 1989; Blakely, 1991; Wolanan, Lichtman, and Barnes, 1991; Nothdurft, 1991; Wolman and Goldsmith, 1992). The goal is to promote the development of new enterprises through labor force improvement as an alternative to moving industries around. The pivotal role of job training is also evidenced in the mismatch between the increasing skill and knowledge requirements for new jobs and the current skill levels of workers, forever inhibiting economic development efforts absent training efforts (Hill and Rock, 1990; Nothdurft, 1991). Finally, research has also indicated that businesses are very concerned with finding employees who have formal job-related training. Indeed, the factors found that best predict earning levels of workers were job training, general skill levels, motivation, and other credentials including a high school diploma (Wolanan, Lichtman, and Barnes, 1991). Job training, however, whether provided by private or governmental sources, will not produce benefits either to workers or to the larger community unless it is consciously linked to the specific needs of local workers and employers (OECD, 1986; Cook, 1987; Ranney and Betancur, 1992). This research note examines the training needs of firms in a single community and suggests how local officials can use such information to more effectively implement job-training strategies as a local economic development tool. CHALLENGES: IMPORTANCE OF DEMAND Research on local government training efforts raises concerns that belie the opportunistic views noted above. National and local evaluations of retraining programs indicate fairly low rates of worker participation (Buss and Redburn, 1987; Bloom, 1990). It also appears that employers are similarly uninterested in training programs. Fitzgerald (1993) argues that the skill mismatch between workers and business needs is overrated--businesses are not requiring higher skill levels. Indeed, many employers may not be interested in worker training because, by substituting capital for labor, they have reduced their need for more highly skilled workers. Buss and Redburn (1987) suggest that training programs do not significantly aid in the reemployment of dislocated workers. Schwartz (1987:108-109) states: The fact is, job training does not create jobs, and most displaced workers have learned, expect to learn, and can learn any substitute work on the job in a matter of days or weeks, so it is more efficient for them to retrain on the job for a job in a classroom for a wild hope of finding a job on which to use their newly acquired skills. …" @default.
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• W218694838 title "What Do Businesses Want? Some Thoughts on Job Training for Local Development Officials" @default.
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