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- W2187002308 abstract "Ozone injection using venturi-type gas injectors was introduced to the US ozone market in the early 1980s as an alternative to fine bubble diffusion and other ozone gas dissolution techniques. A dissolution system using venturi-type gas injectors achieved higher ozone transfer efficiency and required lower maintenance than conventional fine bubble diffusion. Initially, venturi gas injectors required an excessive amount of energy to transfer ozone to solution: up to 25 MJ per kg/hr (3.20 kW∙h/lb) of ozone gas transferred. The high power consumption was due to the significant gas volume required to deliver an ozone dose at concentrations of 1 wt% using air as the feed gas. Consequently, ozone gas injection was excluded from US municipal ozone plant designs. By 2000, ozone designs had changed from producing 1 – 2 wt% ozone with air as the feed gas to 10 wt% ozone using high-purity oxygen, reducing the gas volume per kilogram of ozone generated by nearly an order of magnitude. Simultaneously, the science of gas injection turned toward the use of secondary gas mixing devices, which shifted the emphasis away from ozone transfer at the venturi and allowed for a significant increase in the injector’s gas/liquid ratio (G/L). The increase in the G/L ratio significantly increased the amount of ozone transferred by the gas injection system. The development of a specific secondary mixing device, the Pipeline Flash Reactor™, a multi-jet pipeline gas mixing device, together with the ability to produce high concentration ozone gas has reduced gas injection energy requirements to less than 4 MJ per kg/hr (0.50 kW∙h/lb) of ozone gas transferred, making gas injection a viable alternative to fine bubble diffusion. A case study presents the capital cost, power consumption, ozone transfer efficiency and footprint for a specific municipal application that utilizes a venturi-type injector with the Pipeline Flash Reactor™ for ozone contacting. The municipal wastewater application utilized an applied ozone dosage of 8 mg/L and required substantial basin floor area for the fine bubble diffusion grids. The total basin floor area was reduced from 265 m 2 to 168 m 2 by replacing fine bubble diffusion with a system consisting of venturi type injectors with the Pipeline Flash Reactor™. At the design condition of 31.2 kg/h ozone production, the energy requirement of the contacting system is 3.7 MJ per kg/hr (0.46 kW∙h/lb) of ozone applied." @default.
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- W2187002308 date "2011-01-01" @default.
- W2187002308 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2187002308 title "Optimizing Ozone Transfer Through Pipeline, Multi-Jet Gas Mixing" @default.
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