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• W2187114783 abstract "Developed countries have achieved high performance wood fibre reinforced cement (WFRC) products by adopting elaborate technologies with high energy consumption processes. In attempting to reduce costs, researchers in developing countries have mainly concentrated on the use of natural strand reinforcement and simple production methods. Serious concerns have arisen regarding the durability of these lower technology products and consequently asbestos-based composites remain widely used in countries such as Brazil which has a market of more than two million tons/year of fibre-cements, mainly in the form of corrugated roofing elements. As growing concerns about health hazards are leading to asbestos (chrysotile) bans in more countries, research is now underway for the adaptation of vegetable fibre in fibre-cements manufactured using locally available raw materials and production systems and meeting consumer requirements in each particular application area. The main purpose of this current collaborative work was to evaluate Australian technology developed in the early 80's to enable the manufacture of WFRC products by the Hatschek (or wet) process - for use with Brazilian recycled raw materials in the fabrication of thin cellulose-cement sheeting. Granulated blast furnace slag (BFS), a glassy material obtained as a by-product of pig iron manufacture, was ground and used as the major component of an alternative hydraulic binder activated by a mixture of gypsum and hydrated lime. Mechanical pulps from sisal (Agave sisalana) and banana (Musa cavendishii) crop wastes and also residual kraft Eucalyptus grandis from a wood pulp mill were chosen as reinforcements on the basis of their ready availability and acceptable performance in cement. Composites were prepared using a slurry vacuum de-watering process followed by pressing and air-curing. Fibre content varied from 8 to 12% by mass, the region of optimum mechanical behaviour indicated in previous studies. Mechanical testing revealed flexural strengths in excess of 18 MPa, moduli of elasticity between 5 and 6.2 GPa and fracture toughness values in the range 0.51 to 1.25 kJ/m 2 at an age of 28 days. Water absorptions of the composites were about 32% by mass and bulk densities 1.3 g/cm 3 . Composites were then subjected to natural ageing by external exposure in tropical (Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and temperate (Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) environments. Corresponding series were kept as references in controlled ambient conditions (23 ± 2 o C and 50 ± 5% relative humidity). After twelve months of external exposure the flexural strengths of weathered composites had decreased to values in the range 6.6 - 10.1 MPa. Fracture toughness values, however, had either remained stable or had significantly increased (over 105% for 8% banana pulp in BFS matrix) relative to those at 28 days of age. The absence of decreases in ductility suggests that the fibres are still effective and largely free from either alkali attack or inner petrifaction. Evidence to the contrary was not apparent during microscopic examination of fracture surfaces. The results of this ongoing work indicate that the performance of the composites is currently compatible for low-cost building materials in developing countries." @default.
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• W2187114783 date "2001-01-01" @default.
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• W2187114783 title "PERFORMANCE OF LOW-COST VEGETABLE FIBRE-CEMENT COMPOSITES UNDER WEATHERING" @default.
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