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• W2187355148 abstract "ABSTRACTThe Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) will soon begin its exploration of the x-ray universe, providingunprecedented angular and spectral resolution. Also unprecedented is the ambitious goal of calibrating the AXAFobservatory to an accuracy of a few percent. Toward this end, AXAF science and engineering teams undertookan extensive calibration program at component, subsystem, and system levels. This paper is an overview of thesystem-level calibration activities, conducted over the past year at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) X-RayCalibration Facility (XRCF).Keywords- x rays, calibration, grazing-incidence optics, gratings, detectors, x-ray imaging, x-ray spectroscopy.1. INTRODUCTIONIn late 1998, the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) will join the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and theCompton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO), as one of NASA's Great Observatories. With unique capabilities forsub-arcsecond imaging and spectrometric imaging, as well as high-resolution dispersive spectroscopy, the AXAF willenable x-ray (0.1-10 keV) observations of many categories of astronomical objects, in order to address a broad rangeof astrophysical questions.Previously, we presented overviews of the AXAF flight-system design and expected performance 1 and of thedevelopment of the AXAF optics and science instruments. 2 Here (see also Ref. 3), we give an overview of thecalibration of the AXAF observatory at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) X-Ray Calibration Facility(XRCF). First (§2.), we describe the x-ray calibration instrumentation; next (§3.), the calibration activities at theXRCF; and finally (§4.), a few key preliminary results. Several papers in these and other* Proceedings describecalibration activities and preliminary results for specific subsystems of the AXAF observatory. In addition, AppendixA lists several web sites for accessing more information about AXAF and its calibration. The calibration programat the XRCF was quite successful: Not only did it accumulate data essential to the calibration, but it also providedan end-to-end test and verification of the flight AXAF observatory system.2. X-RAY CALIBRATION INSTRUMENTATIONThe X-Ray Calibration Facility (XRCF), operated by MSFC's System Analysis and Integration Laboratory (SAIL),provides unique capabilities for testing and calibrating the AXAF observatory and related activities. The facilityincludes a 518-m guide tube, separating the x-ray-source building from the Instrument Chamber (IC). With a usablevolume of 18-m length by 6-m diameter, the Instrument Chamber provides a controlled thermal-vacuum environmentsufficiently large to accommodate any payload that will fit into the Space Shuttle Orbiter's bay.In this section, we describe x-ray instrumentation, both ground-support and flight, used during AXAF testingand calibration activities at the XRCF. Figure 1 indicates the various x-ray components involved in the calibration --namely, the source system (§2.1.), the monitor detectors (§2.2.), the x-ray optics (§2.3.), the transmission gratings(§2.4), and the focal-plane detectors (§2.5).Other author information: (Send correspondence to S.L.O.)S.L.O.: odell_cosmos.msfc.nasa.gov; Voice: 205-544-7708; Fax: 205-544-7754.M.C.W.: martin_cosmos.msfc.na_a.gov; Voice: 205-544-7740; Fax: 205-544-7754.*EU V, X-Rag, and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy, O. H. Siegmund and M. A. Gummin, eds., Proe. SPIE 3114, 1997.2 SPIE Vol. 3113 • 0277-786X/97/$10.00" @default.
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