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• W2187360147 abstract "The magnitude of soil and nutrient losses from corn and vegetable production system represents a major upland environmental problem. Steep slopes, favorable climate, high fertilizer and pesticide application rates characterizes these uplands. Sustainability of upland vegetable production system and soil conservation technologies in Manupali watershed were analyzed. Conservation technologies considerably reduced soil erosion but the level of adoption was less than hoped for. Compatibility of trees in the vegetable production system offers encouraging result. Trees did not out-compete vegetable for below-ground resources but benefited from excess nutrients in the vegetable systems. Economic benefits play prime consideration in the adoption of conservation technologies. Higher level of non-farm income, favorable policies and incentives may veer away intensive cultivation without soil conservation techniques in the upland. Uplands comprised more than half of the country's total land. The importance of uplands can be demonstrated by its two critical functions. Firstly, uplands play vital environmental roles as in these areas, the nations forest and important watersheds are located. Secondly, the natural resource base of uplands serves as an important economic function as it supports about 30% of Philippine population (about 20 million) who are engaged primarily in subsistence agriculture. Population growth, limited opportunities in the lowland and the promise of open access continue to draw Filipinos to uplands. These resulted into the degradation of its natural resource wealth and environmental quality. Upland degradation also continues to accelerate largely due to the replacement of perennial land uses with short season and annual high value crops particularly vegetables. The magnitude of soil losses from upland vegetable production system represents a major environmental problem of the country. Manupali watershed, located in southern part of the Philippines typifies such problem. Manupali is an important watershed in the Philippines as it provides water to irrigate around 15,000 ha of ricelands. About 45 % of the watershed have slopes greater than 40%. Over a twenty-year period to 1994, the area of permanent forest shrank from about one half to a little over one-fourth of the total area. Part of the converted land went into shrubs or secondary forest, but a much larger part was converted to annual agricultural crops, especially corn and vegetables, which expanded from 20% to 40% of total land area (Coxhead and Buenavista, 2001). Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year with an average annual rainfall of 2,347 mm. Taxonomically, the soil is classified as Humic Kandiudox. The increasing number of upland farmers who are attracted to the risky and input-intensive vegetable business in Manupali watershed was attributed to the favorable climate and areas well-drained soil rich in organic matter. In spite of an obvious widespread perception of the soil productivity-depleting effects of annual crops, few farmers in the area display deep knowledge of soil degradation relationships. Land fallowing and crop rotation is rare and are usually undertaken only when yields of commercial crops decline to the point of economic losses. Although, soil erosion and land degradation problems appear to be widespread, very few farmers put significant investment in soil-conserving structures or technologies. 12th ISCO Conference" @default.
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• W2187360147 title "Analyses of Soil and Water Conservation Technologies in Vegetable Based Upland Production System of Manupali Watershed" @default.
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