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- W2187377853 abstract "The material spruce wood is frequently used in impa ct limiters of Type B transport packages. In order to develop and parametrize an appropriate finite element material model, the crushing characteristics of spruce wood have been determined . A large number of crush tests was performed at BAM test facilities to generate a comp rehensive data base. The parameter range in the crush test series results amongst others fro m the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material: e. g., the minim um temperature considered was -40 °C and the maximum strain rate applied was derived from the 9 m drop test. Cubical spruce wood specimens were tested using a servo hydraulic impact testing machine for initial strain rates of up to 30 1/s. A machine for guided drop tests was u sed for initial strain rates of up to 133 1/s. Drop masses of up to 1,200 kg were therefore used from drop heights of up to 9 m. The results presented in the paper include force-di splacement characteristics and deformation behavior of spruce wood. Thereby the effects of str ain rate, temperature, fiber-load orientation and lateral constraint are considered. Higher strai n rates led to increasing crush forces, especially for loading perpendicular to the fiber. Higher temperature resulted in decreasing crush forces. The crush force level was significant ly lower for load perpendicular to the fiber and the crushing characteristics differed compared to load parallel to the fiber. Without lateral constraint, the specimens expanded laterally, i. e. the plastic Poisson's ratio (if wood is considered a continuum) was not zero. Crush forces were comparably low and for load parallel to the fiber there was a significant softe ning effect. Lateral constraint of the specimens increased the crush force level and limit ed the softening effect. The results of the crush tests are used to derive m odeling requirements and some assumptions for the development of a finite element material mo del for spruce wood. Possible future research work is pointed out." @default.
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- W2187377853 date "2013-01-01" @default.
- W2187377853 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2187377853 title "CRUSHING CHARACTERISTICS OF SPRUCE WOOD USED IN IMPACT LIMITERS OF TYPE B PACKAGES" @default.
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