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• W2187440013 abstract "This paper investigates whether transnational entrepreneurs who create and operate high-tech start-ups in India are more likely to survive and sustain when compared to the local entrepreneurs. Data from 45 high-tech start-ups headquartered across different locations in India were used for the purposes of analysis. The results indicated that transnational entrepreneurs were more likely to achieve survival of their high-tech start-ups in comparison to their local counter parts . In addition, our findin gs es tablished that youn g tec hnical transnational graduates, who possessed entrepreneurial experience and who had obtained early funding, would have a higher probability of achieving survival of their high-tech start-ups in India. For policy makers, investors and practitioners focused on emerging economies, this paper reveals the type and kind of factors that should be examined to enable a vibrant start-up ecosystem in the region.Key Words: High-tech, India, Start-up, Survival, Transnational entrepreneursINTRODUCTIONHigh-tech start-ups have been recognized as the key contributors to job creation, innovation and economic growth of countries (Kirchhoff and Spencer, 2008). For example, high-tech start-ups emerged as the key drivers for economic growth in the USA, post the recession of decade of 1970s. Rapid pace of technological change during the two decades of 1970 and 1980 opened up new opportu nities for high-tech entrepreneurship in developed economies. Globalization and internet becoming a general purpose technology enabled the creation and growth of high-tech start-ups in the emerging economies as well (Start-up Genome Report, 2012).India has emerged as the third largest base for high-tech start-ups in the world, with approximately 3100 start-ups operating in the country. The start-up ecosystem in India attracted 300 venture capital/private equity and 225 angel investment deals worth over $2.3 bn since 2010 and over 20 mergers & acquisitions worth $1 bn in the last 3 years. Over the last 12 months alone, 805 technology product/digital start-ups were set up across the country, whic h is projected to grow fou r-fold to hit 2,000 by 2020 (NASSCOM, 2014).While the above data paints an impressive picture, it must be noted that across the world, the above contributions are made from a very small percentage of high-tech start-ups, which have successfully managed to overcome the challenges during initial stages of the firm lifecycle. It has been well established that high-tech start-ups suffer a very heavy failure rate (Stinchcombe, 1965; and Certo, 2003). These start-ups face many unique constraints during their initial stages of operation that makes them highly amenable to failure. Therefore, a start-up would be able to survive and sustain only if it can successfully overcome the liability of newness, fighting against the uncertainty of value it promises to its stakeholders and dealing with underdeveloped markets (Bala Subrahmanya, 2015).From an entrepreneur perspective, two key abilities of the entrepreneurs have been identified as pivotal to tide over the challenges during their start-up's initial years and to survive. These are the abilities to recognize and act on entrepreneurial activities (Shane and Venkataraman, 2000) and coping with liabilities of newness (Stinchcombe, 1965; and Shepherd et al., 2000). Prior research has suggested that transnational entrepreneurs and their communities enable diffusion of knowledge and creation or upgrading of local capabilities. Saxenian and Li (2003) noted th at transnational entrepreneurs built specializat ion and innovation by simultaneously maintaining connections with their host country and country of origin. They observed that this mechanism helped them to monitor and respond to changes in markets and technology.Given the above background, this paper investigates whether transnational entrepreneurs who create and operate high-tech start-ups in India are more likely to survive and sustain in comparison with local entrepreneurs. …" @default.
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• W2187440013 date "2015-04-01" @default.
• W2187440013 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2187440013 title "Transnational Entrepreneurship and Indian High-Tech Start-Up Survival: An Empirical Investigation [Dagger]" @default.
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