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- W2188333877 abstract "A new rhynchosaur, Hyperodapedon huenei sp. nov., is described from the Upper Triassic Santa Maria Formation of the ParanaBasin, Brazil. The holotype is an almost complete skull and mandible, collected at Inhamanda ´, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The diagnosis of the genus Hyperodapedon Huxley is revised to include not only H. huxleyi Lydekker and H. gordoni Huxley (as generally accepted), but also the new species described here, various specimens usually assigned to 'Scaphonyx fischeri' Woodward, and 'S'. sanjuanensis Sill. H. huenei sp. nov. exhibits a number of plesiomorphic features and appears to be the least derived species of Hyperodapedon, forming a sister taxon to the remaining members of the genus. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis for the more derived rhynchosaurs is presented. 'Scaphonyx' sulcognathus Azevedo and Schultz represents the sister taxon of Hyper- odapedon, while 'Rhynchosaurus' spenceri Benton is considered to be a more derived Middle Triassic rhynchosaur. R HYNC H OSA U RS were herbivorous basal archosauromorphs that colonised most dry-land areas of Triassic Pangea. The oldest representatives of the group are small, rare forms such as Mesosuchus and Howesia (Dilkes 1995, 1998), known from the Early Triassic Cynognathus Assemblage Zone (Karroo Basin), in South Africa. The rhynchosaurs experienced a rapid diversification in the Middle Triassic, and during the Carnian (Late Triassic) they were the dominant first-level consumers in most of the terrestrial ecosystems in which they occurred. Late Triassic rhynchosaurs have been recorded in South and North America, Europe, Africa and India, and are usually assigned to the subfamily Hyperodapedontinae (Chatterjee 1969), which includes the well-known taxa Hyperodapedon and 'Scaphonyx'. The south Brazilian rhynchosaurs have been known since the beginning of the twentieth century, when Woodward (1907) described some fragmentary remains from the Santa Maria Formation, and coined the name Scaphonyx fischeri. Afterwards, a huge collection of these fossil reptiles was recovered from sediments of that stratigraphical unit, including a series of individuals described by von Huene (1929, 1942). Despite this great abundance, S. fischeri was believed for a long time to be the only rhynchosaur present in the Brazilian Triassic (Sill 1970), and recently this taxon has been argued to be a nomen dubium (Langer 1996). Newly collected specimens indicate, however, that the diversity of the Brazilian Late Triassic rhynchosaur fauna was much higher than previously thought and apart from the classic form (von Huene 1942), three other taxa are known: 'Scaphonyx' sulcognathus, the 'Marinate rhynchosaur' and Hyperodapedon mariensis (Tupi-Caldas 1933; Azevedo and Schultz 1987; Schultz and Azevedo 1990; Schultz and Barberena 1991). The new rhynchosaur taxon described here is thus the fifth now known from the Santa Maria Formation. It appears to be a new species of Hyperodapedon, exhibiting most of the derived features of this rhynchosaur genus (Chatterjee, 1974; Benton, 1983a). The new species, however, retains plesiomorphic features, such as two ventral grooves on the maxilla, which indicate that it is more primitive than the previous known species of Hyperodapedon. This character, combined with the presence of a single dentary blade, is unique among rhynchosaurs, and provides significant new data for explaining the dental evolution of these reptiles." @default.
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- W2188333877 title "A N EW S PECIES O F T HE L ATE T RIASSIC RHYNCHOSAUR HYPERODAPEDON FROM T HE SANTA M ARIA F ORMATION O F S OUTH B RAZIL" @default.
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