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• W2188859809 abstract "SUMMARY: The lower third molar region is an important region for the odontostomatological practice, since it presents a greatamount of pathological processes related to the development and eruption of the third molar; thus having a considerable number ofsurgical interventions.˚ Despite its importance, this region is not accounted for in anatomical terminology nor is it described in topographicanatomy; and in spite of the great number of studies that analyze the surgical anatomy of the region, it is necessary to systematize thedescription of its boundaries, planes, content, risk elements, anatomical repairs, etc.; therefore, the purpose of the present article is toreview the modern concepts related to the surgical anatomy of the lower third molar region and to establish a description based on theseconcepts.˚˚˚˚˚˚˚˚˚˚˚˚˚˚˚˚˚ KEY WORDS: Third molar; Lingual nerve; Inferior alveolar nerve; Retromolar triangle; Retromolar pad; Mandibularcanal; Oral surgery. INTRODUCTIONThe lower third molar region corresponds to ananatomical region located in reference to the lower thirdmolar, as such, it is found in the posterior zone of the oralcavity, between the lower molars and the mandibular ramus,extending medially to the floor of the oral cavity, and laterallyup to the oral vestibule. Inferiorly, the region penetrates theskeletal plane constituted by the mandible in the retromolarregion. Superiorly, its level varies depending on the level oferuption of the third molar, being able to extend up to themolar occlusal plane.Thus described, the lower third molar region is relatedto the gingival-alveolar dental mandible, buccal, parotid-messeteric, paralingual space, submandibular,pterygomandibular, pterygo-pharyngeus and tonsillarregions.External shape and exploration. The lower third molarregion has a cuboidal shape, without precise anatomicboundaries, but rather limits determined by clinical-surgicalcriteria. It corresponds to a block of structures thatincorporate the third molar in its core. Therefore, it includesa mucosal plane, which varies considerably depending onthe degree of impaction or semi-impaction of the molar, andthe development presented by pterygomadibular ligament,which swells up the posterior wall of the region. The shape of the region is very little modified in thedifferent oral functions. In an individual with a maximum oralopening, the elevation of the mucosa produced by the tensionof the pterygomandibular ligament can be clearly seen, givingthe upper face of the region a triangular aspect. The movementsof the soft palate do not modify the shape of this face.When the individual has his oral cavity closed, theexploration of the lower third molar region can be performedthrough digital inspection, the finger moves against thevestibular surface of the molars. In this position, the regionparticipates in the construction of an important space, thecoronoid space or coronomaxillary space, which correspondsto the space between the anterior border of the mandibularramus and the last molars in occlusion (Fig. 1) (Arbree etal., 1987). The index finger can be easily introduced in thecoronoid space; in this position it is possible to feel, laterally,the independent activity of the superficial and deep fasciclesof the masseter muscle; medially, we enter the oral cavityitself; upwards, we may palpate the mucosa lining the lowerportion of the maxillary tubercle and the so called hamularnotch, and downwards we can palpate the mucosa of theupper surface of the lower third molar region, where normallya mucous pad, called retromolar pad, develops. The coronoidspace has clinical use for the introduction of a probe forfeeding in case of an intermaxillary fixation." @default.
• W2188859809 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2188859809 date "2012-01-01" @default.
• W2188859809 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2188859809 title "Lower ˚˚Third ˚˚Molar ˚˚Region ˚ Región˚˚ del˚˚ Tercer˚˚ Molar˚˚ Inferior" @default.
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