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- W2189254306 abstract "lTungurahua, one of Ecuador's most active volcanoes, is made up of threc volcanic edifices. Tungurahua I was a 14-km-wide andesitic stratocone which experienced at least one sector collapse followed by the extrusion of a dacite lava series. Tungurahua II, mainly composed of acid andesite lava flows younger than 14,000 years BP, was partly destroyed by the last collapse event. 7955 f 90 years ago, which left a large amphitheater and produced a - 8-h3 debris deposit. The avalanche collided with the high ridge immediately to the west of the cone and was diverted to the northwest and southwest for - 15 km. A large lahar formed during this event, which was followed in turn by dacite extrusion. Southwestward, the damming of the Chambo valley by the avalanche deposit resulted in a - 10-km-long lake, which was subsequently breached. generating another catastrophic debris flow. The eruptive activity of the present volcano (Tungurahua III) has rebuilt the cone to about 50% of its pre-collapse size by the emission of - 3 km3 of volcanic products. Two periods of construction are recognized in Tungurahua's III history. From - 2300 to - 1400 years BP, high rates of lava extrusion and pyroclastic flows occurred. During this period, the magma composition did not evolve significantly, remaining essentially basic andesite. During the last - 1300 years, eruptive episodes take place roughly once per century and generally begin with lapilli fall and pyroclastic flow activity of varied composition (andesite 4- dacite), and end with more basic andesite lava tlows or crater plugs. This pattern is observed in the three historic eruptions of 1773, 1886 and 1916-1918. Given good age control and volumetric considerations, Tungurahua III growth's rate is estimated at - 1.5 X lo6 m3/year over the last 2300 years. Although an infrequent event, a sector collapse and associated lahars constitute a strong hazard of this volcano. Given the - 3000 m relief and steep slopes of the present cone, a future collapse, even of small volume, could cover an area simil? to that affected by the - 3000-year-old avalanche. The more frequent eruptive episodes of each century," @default.
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- W2189254306 date "1999-01-01" @default.
- W2189254306 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2189254306 title "Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador: structure, eruptive history and" @default.
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