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- W2189343913 abstract "HE LATEST FIGURES FROM THE CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS report nearly 72 million surgical procedures performed in the United States in 1996. No one needs to be reminded of the financial expense associated with surgery, but the cost in terms of anxiety and pain can be just as staggering to the patient. Mind-body methods, such as clinical hypnosis and guided imagery, hold great promise in reducing both the psychic costs of suffering as well as the financial expense of surgery. Mind-body methods for medical and surgical applications date back to the Ebers papyrus in Egypt, Aesclepius’ sleep-healing temples in ancient Greece, and the “cult of the magnet” represented by Franz Antoine Mesmer. 1,2 Although Mesmer’s methods were discredited, British physicians Elliotson and Esdaile documented and published hundreds of cases of mesmerism applied successfully for anesthesia and analgesia in surgical procedures. 3 Esdaile, a surgeon practicing in India in the 1840s, documented major surgery—from limb amputations to eye surgery—using hypnosis as the anesthetic. His use of hypnosis was particularly noteworthy because only 5% of his surgical patients died, when the standard surgical mortality rate was 40%. He felt that the “mesmeric” relief of pain accounted for the greater survival. His critics said that it was only out of deference to him as a white, British doctor that his patients did not complain. He responded that they must be surviving out of deference as well. Ultimately, Esdaile too was discredited and the Royal Medical Society banned the practice of mesmerism. Esdaile said that “… not many of this generation will live to benefit from mesmerism, if they wait till it is admitted into the Pharmacopoeia.”" @default.
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- W2189343913 date "2003-01-01" @default.
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- W2189343913 title "Clinical Hypnosis and Surgery" @default.
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